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Enhancing cover crop-based organic broccoli production in a no-till vegetable system
Optimización de la producción orgánica de brócoli con cultivos de cobertura en un sistema de siembra directa de hortalizas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v74n3.119532Palabras clave:
Brassica oleracea var. italica, biomass decomposition dynamics, intercropping, soil cover (en)Brassica oleracea var. italica, cultivos intercalados, cobertura del suelo, dinámica de descomposición de la biomasa (es)
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There is an increasing need to identify suitable cover-crop species for organic no-till vegetable systems (NTVS). This study evaluated biomass production, biomass decomposition, and the effects of summer cover crops grown alone or intercropped on the productivity of single-head broccoli in an organic NTVS. The experiment followed a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of millet (M), sunn hemp (SH), velvet bean (VB), jack bean (JB), millet + sunn hemp (M+SH), millet + velvet bean (M+VB), and fallow. The M+VB (15.04 t ha⁻¹) and M+SH (14.51 t ha⁻¹) intercropping systems produced the greatest biomass, followed by sole millet (11.49 t ha⁻¹). Broccoli yield was highest under sole millet (9.04 t ha⁻¹), followed by M+VB (8.40 t ha⁻¹), whereas jack bean, velvet bean, and fallow resulted in the lowest yields (5.17 t ha⁻¹ – 6.09 t ha⁻¹). Sunn hemp showed the greatest biomass persistence throughout the broccoli growing period, while the M+SH intercropping system combined high biomass production with prolonged soil cover. Although sole millet provided the highest broccoli yield, the M+SH intercropping system offered the best overall balance among biomass production, biomass persistence, and broccoli performance. Therefore, sole millet is recommended when the primary objective is to maximize broccoli yield, whereas the M+SH intercropping system is recommended as the most suitable cover crop strategy for organic NTVS.
Hay una creciente necesidad de identificar especies de cultivos de cobertura adecuadas para el sistema de siembra directa de hortalizas (SSDH) en producción orgánica. Este estudio evaluó la producción y descomposición de la biomasa, así como los efectos de cultivos de cobertura estivales, cultivados en monocultivo o en consorcio, sobre la productividad del brócoli de cabeza única en un SSDH orgánico. El experimento se estableció mediante un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en mijo perla (M), crotalaria juncea (SH), mucuna negra (VB), frijol de cerdo (JB), mijo + crotalaria juncea (M+SH), mijo + mucuna negra (M+VB) y barbecho. Los sistemas en consorcio M+VB (15.04 t ha⁻¹) y M+SH (14.51 t ha⁻¹) produjeron la mayor cantidad de biomasa, seguidos por el mijo en monocultivo (11.49 t ha⁻¹). El mayor rendimiento de brócoli se obtuvo con el mijo en monocultivo (9.04 t ha⁻¹), seguido por M+VB (8.40 t ha⁻¹), mientras que el frijol de cerdo, la mucuna negra y el barbecho presentaron los menores rendimientos (5.17 t ha⁻¹ – 6.09 t ha⁻¹). La crotalaria juncea mostró la mayor persistencia de biomasa durante todo el ciclo de cultivo del brócoli, mientras que el consorcio M+SH combinó una elevada producción de biomasa con una cobertura prolongada del suelo. Aunque el mijo en monocultivo proporcionó el mayor rendimiento de brócoli, el consorcio M+SH ofreció el mejor equilibrio entre la producción de biomasa, la persistencia de la biomasa y el desempeño del cultivo. Por lo tanto, se recomienda el mijo en monocultivo cuando el objetivo principal es maximizar el rendimiento del brócoli, mientras que el consorcio M+SH se recomienda como la estrategia de cultivo de cobertura más adecuada para el SSDH orgánico.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Fernanda Timm, Tatiana da Silva Duarte, Paulo César do Nascimento
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