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2026-08-11

Variability in dry matter content and yield-related traits in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.)

Variabilidad del contenido de materia seca y de los caracteres relacionados con el rendimiento en batata (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v74n3.120889

Palabras clave:

Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, path coefficient (en)
asociaciones de caracteres, batata, contenido de materia seca, heredabilidad, interacción genotipo × ambiente, variabilidad genética (es)

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Understanding genetic variability is fundamental to sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) improvement. This study evaluated 44 genotypes across two locations in Nigeria, Ejigbo and Ilesa, over two growing seasons (2023-2024) to estimate genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, and associations among yield-related traits, morphological descriptors, and dry matter content. The experiment used a randomised complete block design with three replications. A combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant genotypic effects (< 0.01) for all traits, with significant genotype × environment interactions for most yield-related traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation exceeded the genotypic coefficient of variation for all traits, although the differences were small. Broad-sense heritability ranged from 74 % for stand count to 100 % for pigmentation traits and dry matter content, while genetic advance ranged from 14.09 % for fresh shoot yield to 178.90 % for petiole colour. Genotypic correlation analysis showed significant positive associations between mature leaf length and both fresh shoot yield (r = 0.38) and fresh root yield (r = 0.32), whereas petiole colour exhibited the strongest negative correlation with dry matter content (r = −0.40). Path coefficient analysis identified petiole colour as having the largest negative direct effect (−0.54) on dry matter content, whereas mature leaf colour and vine length exerted the largest positive direct effects (0.13 each). The residual effect (0.83) indicates that additional factors influence dry matter accumulation. These findings demonstrate substantial genetic variability and high heritability for most traits, suggesting promising prospects for genetic improvement through selection. However, significant genotype × environment interactions and trade-offs between pigmentation and dry matter content necessitate multi-environment testing and careful breeding programme design.

Comprender la variabilidad genética es fundamental para el mejoramiento de la batata (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.). En este estudio se evaluaron 44 genotipos en dos localidades de Nigeria, Ejigbo e Ilesa, durante dos ciclos de cultivo (2023-2024), con el fin de estimar la variabilidad genética, la heredabilidad, el avance genético y las asociaciones entre los caracteres de rendimiento y morfológicos, así como el contenido de materia seca. El experimento se estableció mediante un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. El análisis de varianza combinado reveló efectos genotípicos altamente significativos (p < 0.01) para todos los caracteres, así como interacciones genotipo × ambiente significativas para la mayoría de los caracteres relacionados con el rendimiento. La heredabilidad varió desde 74 % para el número de plantas y el 100 % para la pigmentación y el contenido de materia seca, mientras que el avance genético osciló entre el 14.09 % para la biomasa aérea y el 178.90 % para el color del pecíolo. La correlación genotípica mostró asociaciones positivas significativas entre la longitud de la hoja madura y la biomasa aérea (r = 0.38), así como entre la longitud de hoja y las raíces frescas (r = 0.32). Por su parte, el color del pecíolo presentó la correlación negativa más fuerte con el contenido de materia seca (r = −0.40). El análisis de trayectoria identificó el color del pecíolo como el carácter con el mayor efecto directo negativo (−0.54) sobre el contenido de materia seca, mientras que color de la hoja madura y la longitud de guía ejercieron los mayores efectos positivos (0.13 en ambos casos). El efecto residual (0.83) indica que otros factores también influyen en la acumulación de materia seca. Estos hallazgos evidencian una variabilidad genética sustancial y una alta heredabilidad, lo que sugiere perspectivas prometedoras para el mejoramiento de este tubérculo. Sin embargo, las interacciones genotipo × ambiente y las compensaciones entre la pigmentación y el contenido de materia seca requieren evaluaciones en múltiples ambientes y un diseño cuidadoso del programa de mejoramiento.

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Variabilidad del contenido de materia seca y de los caracteres relacionados con el rendimiento en batata (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.). (2026). Acta Agronómica, 74(3), 253-264. https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v74n3.120889