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Foliar application of a silicon-based fertilizer and its effects on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and yield
Aplicación foliar de silicio y sus efectos en el desarrollo y el rendimiento del arroz (Oryza sativa L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v74n1.121453Palabras clave:
efficiency, fertilization, nutrient, uptake, ortho-silicic acid, physiology (en)absorción, ácido ortosilícico, eficiencia, fertilización, fisiología (es)
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Foliar application is an affordable and effective strategy to complement soil fertilization, particularly with minerals such as silicon, which stimulate physiological processes in rice (Oryza sativa L.). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a foliar orthosilicic fertilizer, applied at different concentrations and frequencies, on the growth and yield of rice in Santa Marta, Colombia. A factorial experiment was conducted in 2024 using a randomized block design with three replicates. The treatments consisted of two concentrations (1 % and 2 %) and two application frequencies (weekly and monthly), plus a control without silicon. The results showed that treatment T5 (2 % orthosilicic, applied weekly) significantly increased plant height (93.57 cm) compared to the control (76.6 cm). T5 also exhibited the highest thousand-grain weight and number of panicles per m2 (24.20 g and 117.50 panicles m⁻²), while the control showed the lowest values (21.9 g and 29.83 panicles m⁻²). In terms of grain yield, T4 (2 % orthosilicic, applied monthly) and T5 outperformed the control, with 1980.33 kg ha⁻¹ and 2373.33 kg ha⁻¹, respectively, compared to 1156.67 kg ha⁻¹ in the untreated plots. These findings indicate that foliar application of silicon, particularly at higher concentrations and frequencies, can enhance rice growth and productivity by improving physiological traits and yield components.
La aplicación foliar es una estrategia económica y efectiva para complementar la fertilización del suelo, particularmente con minerales como el silicio que estimulan procesos fisiológicos en el arroz (Oryza sativa L.). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos del fertilizante foliar de silicio (orthosilicio), aplicado en diferentes concentraciones y frecuencias, sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del arroz en Santa Marta, Colombia. Se realizó un experimento factorial en el año 2024, con un diseño de bloques al azar y tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en dos concentraciones (1 % y 2 %) y dos frecuencias de aplicación (semanal y mensual), más un control sin silicio. Los resultados mostraron que el tratamiento T5 (2 % orthosilicio, aplicado semanalmente) aumentó significativamente la altura de las plantas (93.57 cm) en comparación con el control (76.6 cm). T5 también presentó el mayor peso de 1000 granos y número de panículas por metro cuadrado (24,20 g y 117,50 panículas por m²), mientras que el control tuvo los valores más bajos (21,9 g y 79,83 panículas por m²). En cuanto al rendimiento en grano, T4 (2 % orthosilicio, aplicado mensualmente) y T5 superaron al control, con 1980.33 kg ha-¹ y 2373.33 kg ha-¹, respectivamente, frente a 1156.67 kg ha-¹ en las parcelas sin tratar. Estos resultados indican que la aplicación foliar de silicio, particularmente en concentraciones y frecuencias altas, puede potenciar el crecimiento y la productividad del arroz mejorando los rasgos fisiológicos y los componentes del rendimiento.
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