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Growth of several shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) cultivars on Alfisol soil amended with biochar and compost and irrigated with saline water
Crecimiento de cultivares de chalota (Allium ascalonicum L.) en suelo alfisol enmendado con biocarbón y compost e irrigado con agua salina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v74n2.121562Palabras clave:
Ameliorant, organic amendment, salt stress, sustainable agriculture, shallot (en)enmienda del suelo, enmienda orgánica, estrés salino, agricultura sostenible, chalote (es)
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The northern coast of Java, one of the major shallot production centers in Indonesia, is increasingly affected by salinity problems due to intensive tidal flooding. Shallots are highly sensitive to soil salinity, which leads to decreased production. Therefore, efforts are needed to maintain shallot production, including the application of soil ameliorants. This study aimed to determine the growth response of Brebes, Pemalang, and Purbalingga shallot cultivars grown in saline Alfisol soil amended with compost and biochar. This study was conducted from July to December in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Sukosari Village, Jumantono, Karanganyar. A two-factor completely randomized design was used. The first factor was soil amendment treatment, consisting of A0 (control), A1 (biochar at 20 t ha-1), A2 (compost at 10 t ha-1), and A3 (biochar at 10 t ha-1 + compost at 5 t ha-1). The second factor was shallot cultivar, consisting of V1 (Brebes), V2 (Pemalang), and V3 (Purbalingga). The soil was clayey and classified as Alfisol. Soil salinity was induced through irrigation with saline water with an electrical conductivity of 2 dS/m during incubation and maintained until the end of the experiment. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. The results showed that the application of biochar at 20 t ha-1 increased electrical conductivity by 55.55 % in the Brebes cultivar and reduced sodium adsorption ratio by 65 % in the Purbalingga cultivar. Meanwhile, compost application at 10 t ha-1 increased organic carbon by 52.55 % in the Brebes cultivar. In terms of nutrient uptake and plant biomass, compost at 10 t ha⁻¹ and the combined application of biochar at 10 t ha-1 + compost at 5 t ha-1 produced the best results, with varying responses among shallot cultivars. Overall, treatment A2 applied to the Pemalang cultivar showed the most optimal performance in enhancing nutrient uptake and plant biomass.
La costa norte de Java, uno de los mayores centros de producción de chalota en Indonesia, está experimentando problemas de salinidad debido a las inundaciones cada vez más intensas por las mareas. Las chalotas son plantas bastante sensibles a la salinidad del suelo, lo que conduce a una disminución de la producción. Por esa razón, se necesitan esfuerzos para contrarrestar este problema, incluyendo el uso de mejoradores del suelo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el crecimiento de cultivares de chalota de las variedades Brebes, Pemalang y Purbalingga en suelos salinos de alfisol mediante la adición de compost y biocarbón. La investigación se llevó a cabo de julio a diciembre en el campo experimental de la Facultad de Agricultura, Universitas Sebelas Maret, aldea de Sukosari, Jumantono, Karanganyar. Se usó un diseño completamente aleatorio de dos factores. El primer factor fue el tratamiento de mejora del suelo, compuesto por A0 (control), A1 (biocarbón a 20 t ha-1), A2 (compost a 10 t ha-1) y A3 (biocarbón a 10 t ha-1 + compost a 5 t ha-1). El segundo factor fue el cultivar de chalota: V1 (Brebes), V2 (Pemalang) y V3 (Purbalingga). El suelo era arcilloso y se clasificó como alfisol. La salinidad del suelo se obtuvo mediante riego con agua salina con una conductividad eléctrica de 2 mS m durante la incubación, la cual se mantuvo hasta el final del experimento. Los datos fueron analizados usando el software SPSS, versión 22. Los resultados mostraron que la aplicación de biocarbón a 20 t ha-1 aumentó la conductividad eléctrica en un 55.55 % en la variedad Brebes y redujo la relación de absorción de sales en un 65 % en la variedad Purbalingga. Por su parte, la aplicación de compost a 10 t ha-1 aumentó el carbono orgánico en un 52.55 % en la variedad Brebes. En cuanto a la absorción de nutrientes y la biomasa vegetal, el compost a 10 t ha-1 y la aplicación combinada de biocarbón a 10 t ha-1 + compost a 5 t ha-1 produjeron los mejores resultados, observando respuestas variables entre los cultivares de chalota. En general, el tratamiento A2 aplicado al cultivar Pemalang demostró el rendimiento más óptimo en la mejora de la absorción de nutrientes y la biomasa vegetal.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Rahayu Rahayu, Jauhari Syamsiyah, Siti Kharisma Fauziah
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