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Inclusión de harina de achiote (Bixa orellana L.) en el alimento de pollos de engorde: crecimiento, consumo y conversión alimenticia
Inclusion of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) meal in broiler feed: effects on growth, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v74n3.124603Palabras clave:
aditivos alimentarios, carotenoides, fitobióticos, nutrición animal, pigmentantes naturales (es)Animal nutrition, carotenoids, feed additives, natural pigmenting agents, phytobiotics (en)
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El achiote (Bixa orellana L.) es una fuente natural de carotenoides con potencial como pigmentante y fitobiótico en avicultura. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de harina de achiote (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 y 2 %) en el alimento de pollos de engorde Ross 308 sobre el crecimiento, el consumo de alimento y la conversión alimenticia durante 39 días. Se emplearon 200 aves Ross 308 de un día de edad, distribuidas aleatoriamente en 5 tratamientos con 2 repeticiones de 20 aves cada una. Se registraron semanalmente el peso corporal, el consumo de alimento y la mortalidad, y, además, se calcularon la ganancia total de peso, la ganancia diaria y la conversión alimenticia. El experimento se desarrolló bajo un diseño completamente al azar y los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de una vía y prueba de Tukey (p < 0.05), utilizando el software R (versión 4.3.0). El tratamiento con 1 % de inclusión presentó la mayor media de peso final (2506.78 g) y el menor valor de conversión alimenticia (1.76). El consumo promedio de alimento osciló entre 4312.34 y 4374.86 g por ave. Aunque estas diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas (p > 0.05), el comportamiento productivo fue estable entre tratamientos, con las mayores medias de peso final y la menor conversión alimenticia en el tratamiento con 1 % de inclusión. Se concluye que la inclusión de harina de achiote hasta un nivel del 2 % en el alimento mantuvo un desempeño productivo comparable entre tratamientos y no estuvo asociada con efectos negativos sobre el crecimiento, el consumo de alimento, ni la conversión alimenticia durante el periodo experimental.
Bixa orellana L. (annatto) is a natural source of carotenoids with potential applications as both a pigmenting agent and a phytobiotic feed additive in poultry production. This study evaluated the effects of dietary annatto meal inclusion at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 % on the growth performance, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of Ross 308 broiler chickens over a 39-day production cycle. A total of 200 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments, each comprising two replicates of 20 birds. Body weight, feed intake, and mortality were recorded weekly, and total weight gain, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio were subsequently calculated. The experiment followed a completely randomized design, and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05), in R software (version 4.3.0). Birds fed the diet containing 1.0 % annatto meal exhibited the highest mean final body weight (2506.78 g) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.76). Mean feed intake ranged from 4312.34 to 4374.86 g per bird across treatments. Although no statistically significant differences were detected among treatments (p > 0.05), productive performance remained consistent across all experimental groups, with the 1.0 % inclusion level showing the most favorable numerical values for final body weight and feed conversion ratio. These findings indicate that dietary inclusion of annatto meal at levels up to 2.0 % maintained comparable productive performance among treatments and was not associated with adverse effects on growth, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio during the experimental period.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Jimmy Efren Moreno Sandoval, Jhon Mario López Alberto , Luis Miguel Acosta Urrego
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