Publicado
Manifestaciones orales y maxilofaciales asociadas a la COVID-19. Revisión de la literatura
Oral and maxillofacial manifestations associated with COVID-19. Literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/aoc.v10n3.89447Palabras clave:
COVID-19, manifestacion, oral, maxilofacial, síntomas (es)COVID-19, manifestation, oral, maxillofacial, symptoms (en)
Objetivo: realizar una revisión, descripción y análisis de los estudios y reportes de casos con información sobre la posible relación existente entre las manifestaciones orales y maxilofaciales reportadas y la COVID-19. Métodos: se revisaron 16 publicaciones realizadas en bases de datos de Pubmed, SciencedDirect, Google Académico, ProQuest, Medline Complete y Nature. Los términos de búsqueda empleados fueron COVID-19 y oral manifestations, relacionados en la ecuación de búsqueda con el conector booleano “AND”. Resultados: 22 casos de pacientes que presentaron manifestaciones orofaciales asociadas a la COVID-19. La distribución entre mujeres y hombres fue similar con porcentajes de 45,5% y 54,5%, respectivamente. Diagnóstico de la COVID-19 positivo en un 86,4% y sospechoso de infección en un 13,6%. La ubicación más frecuente de lesiones fue en mucosa masticatoria (31,3%), mucosa de revestimiento (28,1%) y lengua (15,6%). A nivel facial, 25% de los reportes evaluados informaron lesiones. El edema retromandibular, en el 23,8 % de los casos evaluados, y las úlceras en mucosa oral, en el 28,6%, fueron el tipo más frecuente de lesiones. Conclusiones: las manifestaciones orales y maxilofaciales en pacientes con COVID-19 han sido reportadas en algunas publicaciones; las más frecuentes han sido las relacionadas con edema retromandibular (parotiditis) y úlceras. Se sugiere una posible asociación de dichas manifestaciones con la infección por SARS-CoV-2 o con coinfecciones o comorbilidades del paciente, administración de medicamentos, estancia hospitalaria en UCI o ventilación mecánica. Aunque los reportes son pocos, estos pueden servir como pauta para futuros estudios que permitan esclarecer esta relación.
Objective: to carry out a review, description and analysis of the studies and case reports with information on the possible relationship between reported oral and maxillofacial manifestations and COVID-19. Methods: 16 publications made in databases of Pubmed, SciencedDirect, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Medline Complete and Nature were reviewed. The search terms used were COVID-19 and oral manifestations, related in the search equation with the Boolean connector “AND”. Results: 22 cases of patients who presented orofacial manifestations associated with COVID-19. The distribution between women and men was similar with percentages of 45.5% and 54.5%, respectively. COVID-19 diagnosis positive in 86.4% and suspected of infection in 13.6%. The most frequent location of lesions was masticatory mucosa (31.3%), lining mucosa (28.1%) and tongue (15.6%). At the facial level, 25% of the evaluated reports reported injuries. Retromandibular edema in 23.8% of the cases evaluated and ulcers in the oral mucosa in 28.6% were the most frequent type of lesions. Conclusions: oral and maxillofacial manifestations in patients with COVID-19 have been reported in some publications; the most frequent have been those related to retromandibular edema (parotitis) and ulcers. A possible association of these manifestations with SARS-CoV-2 infection or with co-infections or comorbidities of the patient, administration of medications, hospital stay in ICU or mechanical ventilation is suggested. Although the reports are few, they can serve as a guideline for future studies to clarify this relationship.
Referencias
Organización Mundial de la salud. Los nombres de la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) y del virus que la causa [Internet]. 2020. [Fecha de consulta: 15 de julio de 2020] Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
Belser JA, Rota PA, Tumpey TM. Ocular Tropism of Respiratory Viruses. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2013; 77(1): 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00058-12
Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, Bretzel G, Froeschl G, Wallrauch C, et al. Transmission of 2019-NCOV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(10): 970–971. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2001468
Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, Han P, Hao J, Han Z. Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Front Med. 2020; 14(2): 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0754-0
Lozada–Nur F, Chainani–Wu N, Fortuna G, Sroussi H. Dysgeusia in COVID-19: Possible mechanisms and implications. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2020; 130(3): 344–346. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.oooo.2020.06.016
Yuki K, Fujiogi M, Koutsogiannaki S. COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review. Clin Immunol. 2020; 215: 108427. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clim.2020.108427
Wiersinga WJ, Rhodes A, Cheng AC, Peacock SJ, Prescott HC. Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review [Internet]. JAMA. 2020; 324(8): 782–793. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12839
Li F, Li W, Farzan M, Harrison SC. Structure of SARS Coronavirus Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Complexed with Receptor. Science. 2005; 309(5742): 1864–1868. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1116480
Lu G, Hu Y, Wang Q, Qi J, Gao F, Li Y, et al. Molecular basis of binding between novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV and its receptor CD26. Nature. 2013; 500(7461): 227–231. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12328
Wang N, Shi X, Jiang L, Zhang S, Wang D, Tong P, et al. Structure of MERS-CoV spike receptor-binding domain complexed with human receptor DPP4. Cell Res. 2013; 23(8): 986–993. https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2013.92
Ou X, Guan H, Qin B, Mu Z, Wojdyla JA, Wang M, et al. Crystal structure of the receptor binding domain of the spike glycoprotein of human betacoronavirus HKU1. Nature Communications. 2017; 8: 15216. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15216
Qian Z, Ou X, Góes LGB, Osborne C, Castano A, Holmes KV, et al. Identification of the Receptor-Binding Domain of the Spike Glycoprotein of Human Betacoronavirus HKU1. J Virol. 2015; 89(17): 8816–8827. https://dx.doi.org/10.1128%2FJVI.03737-14
Ou X, Liu Y, Lei X, Li P, Mi D, Ren L, et al. Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV. Nature Communications. 2020; 11: 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15562-9
Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020; 10(2): 102–108. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jpha.2020.03.001
Cao W, Li T. COVID-19: towards understanding of pathogenesis. Cell Res. 2020; 30(5): 367–369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0327-4
Zhu J, Ji P, Pang J, Zhong Z, Li H, He C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 3,062 COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(10): 1902–1914. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25884
Vinayachandran D, Balasubramanian S. Letter to the editor. Is Gustatory Impairment the First Report of an Oral Manifestation in COVID-19? Oral Dis. 2020; 00: 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13371
Biadsee A, Biadsee A, Kassem F, Dagan O, Masarwa S, Ormianer Z. Olfactory and Oral Manifestations of COVID-19: Sex-Related Symptoms—A Potential Pathway to Early Diagnosis. Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 2020; 163(4): 722–728. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0194599820934380
Ciccarese G, Drago F, Boatti M, Porro A, Muzic SI, Parodi A. Letter to the editor. Oral erosions and petechiae during SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol. 2020; 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26221
Sinadinos A, Shelswell J. Oral ulceration and blistering in patients with COVID-19. Evid Based Dent. 2020; 21: 49. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41432-020-0100-z
Patel J, Woolley J. Letter to the editor. Necrotizing periodontal disease: Oral manifestation of COVID‐19. Oral Dis. 2020; 00: 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/odi.13462
Carreras–Presas MC, Amaro–Sánchez J, López–Sánchez AF, Jané–Salas E, Somacarrera–Pérez ML. Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Oral Dis. 2020; 00: 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13382
Ansari R, Gheitani M, Heidari F, Heidari F. Letter to the editor. Oral cavity lesions as a manifestation of the novel virus (COVID‐19). Oral Dis. 2020; 00: 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13465
Al‐Khatib A. Letter to the editor. Oral manifestations in COVID‐19 patients. Oral Dis. 2020; 00: 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13477
Carvalho CSLF, Kitakawa D, Cabral LAG. Letter to the editor. Oral lesions of herpes zoster in COVID‐19 patients or truly associated to the disease? Oral Dis. 2020; 00: 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13472
Fisher J, Monette DL, Patel KR, Kelley BP, Kennedy M. COVID-19 associated parotitis: A case report. Am J Emerg Med. 2020; 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.059
Lechien JR, Chetrit A, Chekkoury–Idrissi Y, Distinguin L, Circiu M, Saussez S, et al. Parotitis-like symptoms associated with COVID-19. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020; 26(9): 2270–2271. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2609.202059
Capaccio P, Pignataro L, Corbellino M, Popescu–Dutruit, Torretta S. Acute Parotitis: A Possible Precocious Clinical Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection? Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2020; 163(1): 182–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820926992
Chaux–Bodard A–G, Deneuve S, Desoutter A. Letter to the Editor. Oral manifestation of Covid-19 as an inaugural symptom? J Oral Med Oral Surg. 2020; 26(18): 1. https://doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2020011
Jones I, Bell LCK, Manson JJ, Last A. An adult presentation consistent with PIMS-TS. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020; 2(9): e520–e521. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30234-4
Perrillat A, Foletti J–M, Lacagne A–S, Guyot L, Graillon N. Facial pressure ulcers in COVID-19 patients undergoing prone positioning: How to prevent an underestimated epidemic? J Stomatol oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020; 121(4): 442–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2020.06.008
Ferreira ACA de F, Romão TT, Macedo YS, Pupe C, Nascimento OJM. COVID-19 and herpes zoster co-infection presenting with trigeminal neuropathy. Eur J Neurol. 2020; 27: 1748–1750. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14361
Sakaida T, Tanimoto I, Matsubara A, Nakamura M, Morita A. Unique skin manifestations of COVID-19: Is drug eruption specific to COVID-19? J Dermatol Sci. 2020; 99(1): 62–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.05.002
Putra BE, Adiarto S, Dewayanti SR, Juzar DA. Viral exanthem with “Spins and needles sensation” on extremities of a COVID-19 patient: A self-reported case from an Indonesian medical frontliner. Int J Infect Dis. 2020; 96: 355–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.020
Santos JA, Normando AGC, Silva RLC, Paula RM, Cembranel AC, Santos–Silva AR, et al. Oral mucosal lesions in a COVID-19 patient: New signs or secondary manifestations? Int J Infect Dis. 2020; 97: 326–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.012
Soares C, Carvalho RA, Carvalho KA, Carvalho MGF, Almeida O. Letter to Editor. Oral lesions in a patient with Covid-19. Med Oral Patol Oral y Cir Bucal. 2020; 25(4): 563–564. https://dx.doi.org/10.4317%2Fmedoral.24044
Cebeci Kahraman F, ÇaŞkurlu H. Mucosal involvement in a COVID ‐19‐positive patient: a case report. Dermatol Ther. 2020; 33(4): e13797. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fdth.13797
Scully C, Samaranayake LP. Emerging and changing viral diseases in the new millennium. Oral Dis. 2016; 22(3): 171–179. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/odi.12356
Drago F, Ciccarese G, Gasparini G, Cogorno L, Javor S, Toniolo A, et al. Contemporary infectious exanthems: an update. Future Microbiol. 2016; 12(2): 171–193. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2016-0147
Castro MCR, Ramos–e–Silva M. The rash with mucosal ulceration. Clin Dermatol. 2020; 38(1): 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.019
Lechien JR, Chiesa–Estomba CM, De Siati DR, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Rodríguez A, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2020; 277(8): 2251–2261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1
Xu X, Chen P, Wang J, Feng J, Zhou H, Li X, et al. Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission. Sci China Life Sci. 2020; 63(3): 457–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1637-5
Liu L, Wei Q, Alvarez X, Wang H, Du Y, Zhu H, et al. Epithelial Cells Lining Salivary Gland Ducts Are Early Target Cells of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in the Upper Respiratory Tracts of Rhesus Macaques. J Virol. 2011; 85(8): 4025–4030. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02292-10
Pedrosa MS, Sipert CR, Nogueira FN. Salivary Glands, Saliva and Oral Presentations in COVID-19 infection. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada. 2020; 20(Supp1): e0104. https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2020.112
Xu J, Li Y, Gan F, Du Y, Yao Y. Salivary Glands: Potential Reservoirs for COVID-19 Asymptomatic Infection. J Dent Res. 2020; 98(8): 989. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034520918518
Chen L, Zhao J, Peng J, Li X, Deng X, Geng Z, et al. Detection of 2019-nCoV in Saliva and Characterization of Oral Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients. SSRN Electron J. 2020. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3557140
Giacomelli A, Pezzati L, Conti F, Bernacchia D, Siano M, Oreni L, et al. Self-reported Olfactory and Taste Disorders in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71(15): 889–890. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa330
Lin B, Zhong M, Gao H, Wu K, Liu M, Liu C, et al. Significant expression of FURIN and ACE2 on oral epithelial cells may facilitate the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 entry. bioRxiv. 2020; (Preprint): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.18.047951
Rabin RC. Lost sense of smell may be peculiar clue to coronavirus infection [Internet]. The New York Times. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/22/health/coronavirus-symptoms-smell-taste.html
Vaira L, Salzano G, Deiana G, De Riu G. Letter to the Editor. In Response to Isolated Anosmia and Ageusia in COVID-19 With Spontaneous Recovery. J Laryngol Otol. 2020; 130(9): E503. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28836
Vaira LA, Deiana G, Fois AG, Pirina P, Madeddu G, De Vito A, et al. Objective evaluation of anosmia and ageusia in COVID-19 patients: Single-center experience on 72 cases. Head & Neck. 2020; 42(6): 1252–1258. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26204
Chiotos K, Bassiri H, Behrens EM, Blatz AM, Chang J, Diorio C, et al. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series. J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc. 2020; 9(3): 393–398. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa069
Pitones–Rubio V, Chávez–Cortez EG, Hurtado–Camarena A, González–Rascón A, Serafín–Higuera N. Is periodontal disease a risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness? Med Hypotheses. 2020; 144: 109969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109969
Muniyappa R, Gubbi S. COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses, and diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2020; 318(5): 736–741. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00124.2020
Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8(5): 475–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5
Badran Z, Gaudin A, Struillou X, Amador G, Soueidan A. Periodontal pockets: A potential reservoir for SARS-CoV-2? Med Hypotheses. 2020; 143: 109907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109907
Chakraborty S. Letter to the Editor. Metagenome of SARS-Cov2 patients in Shenzhen with travel to Wuhan shows a wide range of species - Lautropia, Cutibacterium, Haemophilus being most abundant - and Campylobacter explaining diarrhea. OSF Prepr. 2020; (Preprint): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/jegwq
Herrera D, Retamal-Valdes B, Alonso B, Feres M. Acute periodontal lesions (periodontal abscesses and necrotizing periodontal diseases) and endo-periodontal lesions. J Periodontol. 2018; 45(S20): 78–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12941
Dziedzic A, Wojtyczka R. The impact of coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) on oral health. Oral Dis. 2020: 00: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13359
Nham E, Ko JH, Jeong BH, Huh K, Cho SY, Kang CI, et al. Severe Thrombocytopenia in a Patient with COVID-19. Infect Chemother. 2020; 52(3): 410–414. https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2020.52.3.410
Piedra Abusharar S, Shah N, Patel R, Jain R, Polimera H V. A Case of Confirmed Ceftriaxone-induced Immune Thrombocytopenia. Cureus. 2019; 11(5): e4688. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4688
Dimensions
PlumX
Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo
Descargas
Cómo citar
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2020 Erika Alexandra Parra Sanabria, Melisa Bermúdez Bermúdez, Claudia Patricia Peña Vega, Andres Rueda Jimenez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Aquellos autores/as que tengan publicaciones con esta revista, aceptan los términos siguientes:
- Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en archivos telemáticos institucionales o en su página web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, lo cual puede producir intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas de la obra publicada. (Véase El efecto del acceso abierto).
- Una vez sometido el artículo no se aceptaran cambios respecto a la incorporación o retiro de autores.
