Trombosis venosa profunda posterior a cirugía ortognática bimaxilar. Reporte de caso
Deep vein thrombosis following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Case report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/aoc.v13n2.104614Keywords:
Tromboembolismo, cirugía ortognática, etonogestrel, anticoncepción, complicaciones post-operatorias (es)Thromboembolism, Orthognathic Surgery, Contraceptive Drugs, Contraception, postoperative complications (en)
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Introducción: la enfermedad trombótica venosa es una de las principales complicaciones mortales en pacientes internados y en pacientes operados. Tiene dos presentaciones: trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) y tromboembolia pulmonar (TEP). La TVP es una afección en la que se desarrolla un coágulo de sangre generalmente en las venas de las piernas. La incidencia del TVP en cirugía maxilofacial ha sido pobremente reportada y se considera poco común. Objetivo: describir caso de TVP en una paciente joven a quien se le realizó cirugía ortognática, con el fin de destacar el uso de anticonceptivos no orales como posible factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de esta inusual complicación posterior a una cirugía craneomaxilofacial. Caso clínico: paciente femenina de 24 años, con diagnóstico de anomalía dentofacial de clase II, sometida a cirugía ortognática bimaxilar + mentoplastia con antecedente de anticoncepción subcutánea con Etonogestrel 68 mg hace 3 años. El día 10 del postoperatorio asistió a la unidad de urgencias por dolor y edema en miembro inferior izquierdo; se sospecha TVP y se inicia anticoagulación con 1 mg/kg de heparina de bajo peso molecular subcutáneo (HBPM) cada 12 horas. El diagnóstico de TVP fue confirmado por medio de ecografía doppler de miembros inferiores. Posteriormente, a los 7 días del evento, medicina interna suspendió manejo con cumarínico y continuó anticoagulación con Rivaroxaban 20 mg VO cada 24 horas. Conclusión: el diagnóstico de TVP debe considerarse en mujeres a quienes se les practica cirugía ortognática y presentan antecedentes de tratamiento con anticonceptivos hormonales, incluidas las formas no orales.
Introduction: Venous thrombotic disease is one of the main fatal complications in hospitalized patients and in operated patients. It has two presentations: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). DVT is a condition in which a blood clot usually develops in the veins of the legs. The incidence of DVT in maxillofacial surgery has been poorly reported and is considered uncommon. Objective: To describe a case of DVT in a young female patient undergoing orthognathic surgery in order to highlight the use of non-oral contraceptives as a possible risk factor for the development of this unusual complication in craneomaxilofacial surgery. Clinical case: 24-year-old female patient, diagnosed with class II dentofacial anomaly, underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery + mentoplasty with a history of subcutaneous contraception with Etonogestrel 68 mg 3 years ago. On postoperative day 10 she attended the emergency department for pain and edema in the left lower limb, DVT was suspected, and anticoagulation was started with 1 mg/kg of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) every 12 hours. The diagnosis of DVT was confirmed by lower limb Doppler ultrasound. Subsequently, 7 days after the event, Internal Medicine suspended management with coumarin and continued anticoagulation with Rivaroxaban 20 mg OV every 24 hours. Conclusion: Remember that the diagnosis of DVT should be considered in women with a history of recent orthognathic surgery in treatment with hormonal contraceptives, including non-oral forms.
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