El síndrome de boca ardiente: revisión de la literatura
Burning mouth syndrome: literature review
Keywords:
Síndrome de boca ardiente, dolor orofacial, xerostomía, disestesia oral, disgeusia, glosodinia. (es)Burning mouth syndrome, orofacial pain, xerostomia, oral dysesthesia, disgeusia, glossodynia (en)
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involucra los tejidos blandos de la orofaringe y está influenciada etiológicamente por factores neuropsicológicos. Su presentación clínica
no está asociada a alteraciones mucosas apreciables visualmente, lo
cual la hace especialmente difícil de diagnosticar. A pesar de estar
ampliamente descrita en la literatura, muchos clínicos desconocen
la existencia de esta patología generando sub-diagnósticos, agotamiento tanto del paciente como del sistema de salud y por consiguiente un manejo ineficaz de la enfermedad, afectando aún más la pobre calidad de vida que los pacientes ya sufren a causa de la patología. Objetivo: proveer al clínico algunas herramientas de diagnóstico y manejo del SBA basadas en la evidencia científica, y generar en él, la conciencia acerca de la importancia de mantenerse alerta ante la presencia de enfermedades aparentemente desconocidas. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda generalizada de artículos científicos que incluyó revisiones de la literatura, reportes de caso y, estudios de casos y controles, publicados entre los años 1985 y 2013. Los artículos seleccionados debían abordar el síndrome de boca ardiente y no solamente la descripción de alguno de sus signos o síntomas, e incluyeron la descripción de la enfermedad, etiología, caracterización sintomática, aspectos epidemiológicos y alternativas de tratamiento. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron MEDLINE y Science
Direct. Conclusiones: no hay consenso definido acerca de la etiología
de la enfermedad, por lo cual la literatura no logra definir con claridad
cuál es la alternativa de tratamiento más predecible en términos
de eficiencia para el manejo del síndrome y por consiguiente la falta
de estudios aleatorizados controlados es evidente. La literatura se
enfoca principalmente en ofrecer la posibilidad al clínico de estar
alerta ante la presencia de los signos y síntomas característicos de
la enfermedad para poder realizar un diagnóstico adecuado y deja
una luz importante hacia la necesidad de realizar avances científicos
relevantes con respecto al tratamiento de la misma.
that involves the soft tissues of the oropharynx and is
etiologically influenced by neuropsychological factors.
Its clinical presentation is not associated with significant
mucosal abnormalities visually, which makes it particularly
difficult to diagnose. Despite being widely described in the
literature many clinicians are unaware of this condition
generating sub-diagnoses, depletion of both patient and
health system and therefore ineffective management of
the disease, affecting even the poor quality of life patients
already suffering from the disease. Objetive: Provide
some tools for clinical diagnosis and management of BMS
based on scientific evidence, and build on it, awareness
of the importance of remaining alert to the presence of
apparently unknown diseases. Methodology: A generalized
search of scientific articles that included literature reviews,
case reports and case-control studies published from 1985
through 2013 was performed. The selected articles should
address the burning mouth syndrome and not just the
description of any of its signs or symptoms. The selected
items included the description of the disease, etiology,
symptomatic characterization, epidemiology and treatment
options. The databases searched were MEDLINE and
Science Direct. Conclusions: There is no definite consensus
on the etiology of the disease, for which the literature does
not clearly define what is the most predictable treatment
alternative in terms of efficiency in the management of the
syndrome and therefore the lack of randomized controlled
trials it is evident. The literature focuses primarily on
providing clinicians the ability to be alert to the presence of
characteristic signs and symptoms of the disease in order
to make a proper diagnosis and leaves important light to
the need for relevant scientific developments regarding the
treatment of thereof.
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Copyright (c) 2012 María Helena Parra Martínez
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