Anatomía de la furca dentaria y lesiones de furcación. Parte 1. Revisión de tema
Furcation area and furcaction defects. Part 1. Topic review
Keywords:
Defectos de furcación, enfermedades periodontales, raíz del diente, pérdida de la inserción periodontal, periodontitis. (es)Furcation defects, periodontal diseases, tooth root, periodontal attachment loss, periodontitis. (en)
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La enfermedad periodontal, debida principalmente a la presencia de la biopelícula, provoca la pérdida de inserción y de hueso a nivel de las raíces dentales, el avance de la patología periodontal conlleva en los dientes multiradiculares a compromisos en la zona de furca; estos constituyen una lesión particular, única y difícil de tratar por las características anatómicas de la zona. La furca dental es la zona anatómica que comprende al área de división de las raíces de dientes multiradiculares; ya sean premolares o molares. Las patologías que afectan esta zona son muy complejas y reciben el nombre de lesiones de furcación o lesiones de la furca. Los defectos en furcaciones representan un gran reto para los terapistas debido a sus características anatómicas y a su variabilidad en cuanto a la forma de respuesta al tratamiento. La pérdida de inserción se desarrolla en sentido horizontal o vertical. Un amplio rango de modalidades de tratamiento han sido dirigidos a mantener esta área anatómica. El presente artículo recopila la información más actualizada y relevante de bases de datos como PubMed y Cochrane sobre la anatomía de dientes multiradiculares, la furca dentaria así como las consideraciones para el diagnóstico de las lesiones de furcación.
The periodontal disease, mainly due to the presence of biofilm, causes the insertion loss and bone at the tooth roots, the progression of periodontal disease entity level leads to multiradicular teeth furcation commitments, which constitute a particular and unique, difficult to treat by the anatomical characteristics of the furcation area. The injury is the anatomical area comprising the area division of the roots of teeth multiradicular; whether premolars or molars. The pathologies that bring to this area are very complex and are called furcation lesions. Furcation defects represent a great challenge for therapists because of its anatomical characteristics and variability in the form of response to treatment. The clinical attachment loss is set in horizontal or vertical direction of the area. A wide range of treatment modalities has been directed to keep this anatomical area. This article compiles the most current and relevant on the anatomy of multiradicular teeth database as PubMed and Cochrane, information about furcation area and the considerations for the diagnosis of furcation lesions.
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Copyright (c) 2015 Yuri Alejandro Castro Rodríguez, Francis Bravo Castagnola, Sixto Grados Pomarino

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