Implantes extracortos en mandíbulas con extrema reabsorción vertical: serie de casos
Extra-short implants in vertical atrophy: case series
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/aoc.v9n1.74251Keywords:
Implantes dentales, atrofia, reabsorción ósea, rehabilitación oral (es)Dental implants, atrophy, mouth rehabilitation, bone resorption (en)
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Introducción: el uso de los implantes extracortos permite la rehabilitación de extremas reabsorciones. Esto obliga en ocasiones a la utilización de prótesis sobre los mismos con una proporción corona-implante desfavorable llegando a ratios de 2:1 o de 3:1 en los casos más extremos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un análisis de casos clínicos donde se insertaron implantes extracortos con un reborde residual (menor o igual a 5,5mm) y tiempo de carga mínimo de seis meses. Se realizó una prueba de chi-cuadrado para las variables categóricas y una t de Student para las variables continuas. Posteriormente, se realizaron modelos de regresión lineal ajustados. Resultados: fueron reclutados seis casos a los que se les insertaron implantes extracortos. El 21,2% de los pacientes incluidos en el estudio fueron hombres y el 78,8% mujeres, con una edad media de 57 años. La proporción corona-implante medio fue de 3,19 (+/- 0,24). La media de la pérdida ósea mesial de los implantes estudiados fue de 0,86mm (+/- 0,33) y la media de la pérdida ósea prodistal fue de 0,83mm (+/- 0,47). Cuando se analizó la pérdida ósea mesial y distal en función proporción no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,224). Conclusiones: el uso de implantes extracortos no es un factor de riesgo para la pérdida ósea crestal o para el fracaso de la prótesis o del implante según los datos aportados por este estudio aun cuando la proporción corona-implante sea superior a tres.
Introduction: the use of extra-short implants in oral implantology it allows us to rehabilitate extremly resorbed bone. The clinical use of these implants generate a Crown-implant ratio desfavorable (2:1 or 3:1 in some cases). Materials and methods: we carry aut a retrospective study with extra-short implants (residual bone height ≤ 5 mm) and follow-up after loading up to 6 months. We was conducted a chi-square test for categorical variables and Student t test for continuous variables. Finally, linear regression models adjusted was performed. Results: finally 6 patients were included in the study. The 212% of the patiens were male and the mean age was 57 years. The mean of Crown-implant ratio was 3.19 (+/- 0,24).The mean of bone loss in the mesial area was 0,86 mm (+/- 0,33) and in the distal area was 0,83 (+/- 0,47). When analyze the bone loss in relation with the crown-implant ratio no significative statistical differences were found. Conclusions: the use of extra-short implants is not a risk for crestal bone loss, implant survival or prosthesis survival, even when the Crown-implant ratio was up to 3.
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