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El arte y la condición de víctima: lo político y lo estético de “hacerse visible”
The art of victimhood: the politics and aesthetics of “becoming visible”
A arte do vitimismo: o político e o estético de “tornar-se visível”
Palabras clave:
arte, memoria histórica, reconciliación, reparaciones, victimismo, visibilidad/visualidad (es)art, historical memory, reconciliation, reparation, victimhood, visibility/visuality. (en)
arte, memória histórica, reconciliação, reparações, vitimismo, visibilidade/visualidade. (pt)
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El punto de partida de este artículo son algunas reflexiones etnográficas sobre el arte como medio para narrar los contornos históricos del conflicto y los procesos de reconciliación en Colombia. En particular, considero cómo el arte creado por víctimas del conflicto influencia las políticas de victimismo (victimhood) y los procesos legales de reparación integral. Para analizar estos temas, propongo un marco teórico a partir de literatura acerca de las nociones de visualidad,
transparencia e imágenes, y las pongo en relación con los conceptos de
gobernanza, formación de la nación y con modelos de justicia restaurativa. Así, pretendo defender una aproximación que considera el arte de las víctimas no solo como una forma de resistencia en la cual la presencia de lo político se hace visible, sino también como parte del aparato de justicia transicional.
The article opens with some ethnographic considerations on art as a means to
narrate the historical contours of the conflict and reconciliation processes in
Colombia. It examines how artwork created by conflict victims impinges on
the politics of victimhood and processes of integral reparation. To analyze
these issues, I propose a theoretical framework based on notions of visuality,
transparency, and images and relate them to concepts of governance, nation
formation, and models of restorative justice. I defend an approach that considers
that art produced by victims not only is as a form of resistance that makes
politics visible, but also is part of the apparatus of transitional justice.
O ponto de partida deste artigo são algumas reflexões etnográficas sobre a arte como
meio para narrar os contornos históricos do conflito e os processos de reconciliação
na Colômbia. Em particular, considero como a arte criada por vítimas do conflito
influencia as políticas de vitimismo (victimhood) e os processos legais de reparação
integral. Para analisar esses temas, proponho um referencial teórico a partir da
literatura acerca das noções de visualidade, transparência e imagens, e coloco-as
em relação com os conceitos de governança, formação da nação e com modelos de
justiça restaurativa. Assim, pretendo defender uma aproximação que considera a
arte das vítimas não somente como uma forma de resistência na qual a presença do
político se torna visível, mas também como parte do aparato de justiça de transição.
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