Published

2026-07-23

Adaptation and Validation of the Symbolic Racism Scale for Andean Indigenous Communities in Peru

Adaptación y Validación de la Escala de Racismo Simbólico para las Comunidades Indígenas Andinas en Perú

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v35n2.118191

Keywords:

symbolic racism, psychometrics, indigenous, communities, discrimination, Peru, Social Dominance Orientation, Political Moral Laxity (en)
racismo simbólico, psicometría, comunidades indígenas, discriminación, Perú, Orientación a la Dominancia Social, Laxitud Moral Política (es)

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Symbolic racism encompasses prejudiced attitudes masked by seemingly benevolent rhetoric, traditionally studied in relation to Afro-descendant populations. This study adapted and validated the Symbolic Racism Scale (srs) within a Peruvian sample, focusing on historically marginalised Andean indigenous communities. A total of 342 individuals aged 18 to 84 years (M = 32.49, SD = 13.98) were selected through non-probabilistic sampling. The validation process included translation, cultural adaptation, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency evaluation (ω = 0.88), demonstrating high reliability. Results revealed a bifactorial structure accounting for 59% of the accumulated variance, supporting the scale’s internal validity. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between the srs and Social Dominance Orientation (r = -0.58, p < 0.001), confirming its convergent validity. This study contributes t o the development of tools that enable a more precise approach to addressing racist attitudes in contexts outside the USA, focusing on reducing structural discrimination against indigenous communities

El racismo simbólico comprende actitudes prejuiciosas encubiertas bajo discursos aparentemente benevolentes, tradicionalmente dirigidas hacia población afrodescendiente. Este estudio adaptó y validó la Escala de Racismo Simbólico (ers) en una muestra peruana, enfocándose en comunidades indígenas andinas, históricamente marginadas. Participaron 342 personas de 18 a 84 años (M = 32.49, DE = 13.98), seleccionadas mediante muestreo no probabilístico. La validación incluyó la traducción, ajuste cultural, análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, y evaluación de consistencia interna (ω = 0.88), mostrando alta fiabilidad. Los resultados revelaron una estructura bifactorial que explica el 59 % de la varianza acumulada, corroborando la validez interna. Asimismo, se halló una correlación significativa entre la ERS y la Orientación hacia la Dominancia Social (r = -0.58, p < 0.001), respaldando su validez convergente. Este estudio contribuye al desarrollo de herramientas que permitan un abordaje más preciso de las actitudes racistas en entornos fuera de EE.UU., enfocadas en la reducción de la discriminación estructural hacia las comunidades indígenas.

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How to Cite

APA

Llanco, C., Vasquez, F., Alonzo Torres, M. & Guzman Chavez, A. (2026). Adaptation and Validation of the Symbolic Racism Scale for Andean Indigenous Communities in Peru. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 35(2), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v35n2.118191

ACM

[1]
Llanco, C., Vasquez, F., Alonzo Torres, M. and Guzman Chavez, A. 2026. Adaptation and Validation of the Symbolic Racism Scale for Andean Indigenous Communities in Peru. Revista Colombiana de Psicología. 35, 2 (Jul. 2026), 10–22. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v35n2.118191.

ACS

(1)
Llanco, C.; Vasquez, F.; Alonzo Torres, M.; Guzman Chavez, A. Adaptation and Validation of the Symbolic Racism Scale for Andean Indigenous Communities in Peru. Rev. colomb. psicol. 2026, 35, 10-22.

ABNT

LLANCO, C.; VASQUEZ, F.; ALONZO TORRES, M.; GUZMAN CHAVEZ, A. Adaptation and Validation of the Symbolic Racism Scale for Andean Indigenous Communities in Peru. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, [S. l.], v. 35, n. 2, p. 10–22, 2026. DOI: 10.15446/rcp.v35n2.118191. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/psicologia/article/view/118191. Acesso em: 7 aug. 2026.

Chicago

Llanco, Cesar, Franco Vasquez, Meryliz Alonzo Torres, and Angelit Guzman Chavez. 2026. “Adaptation and Validation of the Symbolic Racism Scale for Andean Indigenous Communities in Peru”. Revista Colombiana De Psicología 35 (2):10-22. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v35n2.118191.

Harvard

Llanco, C., Vasquez, F., Alonzo Torres, M. and Guzman Chavez, A. (2026) “Adaptation and Validation of the Symbolic Racism Scale for Andean Indigenous Communities in Peru”, Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 35(2), pp. 10–22. doi: 10.15446/rcp.v35n2.118191.

IEEE

[1]
C. Llanco, F. Vasquez, M. Alonzo Torres, and A. Guzman Chavez, “Adaptation and Validation of the Symbolic Racism Scale for Andean Indigenous Communities in Peru”, Rev. colomb. psicol., vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 10–22, Jul. 2026.

MLA

Llanco, C., F. Vasquez, M. Alonzo Torres, and A. Guzman Chavez. “Adaptation and Validation of the Symbolic Racism Scale for Andean Indigenous Communities in Peru”. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, vol. 35, no. 2, July 2026, pp. 10-22, doi:10.15446/rcp.v35n2.118191.

Turabian

Llanco, Cesar, Franco Vasquez, Meryliz Alonzo Torres, and Angelit Guzman Chavez. “Adaptation and Validation of the Symbolic Racism Scale for Andean Indigenous Communities in Peru”. Revista Colombiana de Psicología 35, no. 2 (July 24, 2026): 10–22. Accessed August 7, 2026. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/psicologia/article/view/118191.

Vancouver

1.
Llanco C, Vasquez F, Alonzo Torres M, Guzman Chavez A. Adaptation and Validation of the Symbolic Racism Scale for Andean Indigenous Communities in Peru. Rev. colomb. psicol. [Internet]. 2026 Jul. 24 [cited 2026 Aug. 7];35(2):10-22. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/psicologia/article/view/118191

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