Publicado

2023-06-27

Assessment of marine litter in the mangrove forest in the Ciénaga de Mallorquín, Colombian Caribbean region

Evaluación de la basura marina en el bosque de manglar en la Ciénaga de Mallorquín, región Caribe Colombiano

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rbct.105749

Palabras clave:

coastal lagoon, plastic pollution, marine litter, Ramsar site. (en)
laguna costera, contaminación plástica, basura marina, sitio Ramsar. (es)

Descargas

Autores/as

The Ciénaga de Mallorquín is a unique coastal lagoon close to Barranquilla City. It is the first study on this topic in the Ciénaga de Mallorquín that evaluated the state of pollution based on marine litter inside the mangrove forest in the Ciénaga de Mallorquín. A total of 860 items and 77.9 kg of litter were collected, equivalent to an average density of 23.89 items*m-2 and 2.16 kg*m-2. Plastic was the main litter item (43.55 %), followed by polystyrene, rubber, and processed wood, most of which comes from inland sources such as dumping and recreational and urban activities and is transported mainly by local streams. Of the litter collected, 87.3% was characterized as persistent buoyancy items. The mangrove forest is classified in a dirty state (Class IV), with a considerable number of hazardous items (Class III). The CM needs an urgent, integral, and proactive management plan to reduce litter at its sources, adopting and improving measures such as education and public awareness, good management practices, recycling, and reuse.

La Ciénaga de Mallorquín es una laguna costera única cerca de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Este es el primer estudio sobre este tema en la Ciénaga de Mallorquín que evalúa el estado de contaminación basado en basura marina dentro del bosque de manglar en la Ciénaga de Mallorquín. Se recolectaron 860 ítems y 77,9 kg de basura, equivalente a una densidad promedio de 23,89 ítems/m2 y 2,16 kg/m2 El plástico fue el principal rubro (43,55 %), seguido del poliestireno, el caucho y la madera procesada, la mayoría de la cual proviene de fuentes terrestres como vertidos, actividades recreativas y urbanas, y es transportada principalmente por arroyos locales. De la basura recolectada, 87,3% se caracterizó como elementos de flotabilidad persistente. El bosque de manglar está clasificado como Clase IV (estado sucio), con una cantidad considerable de elementos peligrosos (Clase III). El CM necesita un plan de gestión urgente, integral y proactivo para reducir la basura en sus fuentes, adoptando y mejorando medidas como la educación y la sensibilización pública, las buenas prácticas de gestión, el reciclaje y la reutilización.

Referencias

Alkalay, R., Pasternak, G., and Zask, A. (2007). Clean-coast index-A new approach for beach cleanliness assessment. Ocean and Coastal Management, 50(5–6), pp. 352–362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2006.10.002

Antão-Barboza, L., Vethaak, A., Lavorante, B., Lundebye, A., and Guilhermino, L. (2018). Marine microplastic debris: An emerging issue for food security, food safety and human health. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 133, pp. 336-348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.047

Blanchar, S., Yoset, W., Polo, M. y Angel, F. (2020). Construcción vivero de mangles y aulas ambientales – Ciénaga Mallorquín barrio las Flores – Barranquilla. Tesis de grado. Universidad Simón Bolivar, Barranquilla, Colombia. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/6205

Berrocal, J.C., Ortega, A.M., Reales, R.J., González, S. y Calderón, R. (2018). Capítulo 8: Contaminación en la Ciénaga de Mallorquín: una perspectiva sociojurídica. En: Filut, D., Albor-Chadid, L.I., Selec, A., et al. Educación socioambiental. Albor-Chadid, L.I., Ed., Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolivar. Disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/2606

Boix-Morán, L. (2012). Impact of the presence of solid waste in mangrove areas in Las Lisas Chiquimulilla, Santa Rosa, Guatemala. Available at: http://vinculando.org/ecologia/impacto-de-la-presencia-de-desechos-solidos-en-las-zonas-de-manglar.html

Botero, C.M., Zielinski, S., Pereira, C.I., León, J.A., Dueñas, L.F., and Puentes, V. (2020). The first report of deep-sea waste in the South-Western Caribbean Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 157, art. 111327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111327

Botterell, Z., Beaumont, N., Dorrington, T., Steinke, M., Thompson, R., and Lindeque, P. (2019). Bioavailability and effects of microplastics on marine zooplankton: a review. Environmental Pollution, 245, pp. 98–110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.065

Buhl-Mortensen, L., and Buhl-Mortensen, P. (2017). Marine waste in the Nordic Seas: distribution composition and abundance. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 125(1-2), pp. 260–270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.048

Bulow, E.S. y Ferdinand, T.J. (2013). El efecto de la basura en la dinámica de los ecosistemas de manglar: un análisis comparativo. Centro de Incidencia Ambiental – CIAM. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. McGill University. Disponinle en: https://www.mcgill.ca/pfss/files/pfss/el_efecto_de_la_basura_en_la_dinamica_de_los_ecosistemas_de_manglar-_un_analisis_comparativo.pdf

CCO. Comisión Colombiana del Océano. (2018). Política nacional del océano y de los espacios costeros. 37 P. Disponible en: http://www.cco.gov.co/docs/publicaciones/pnoec-2018-09.pdf

Chacón, S., Serrano, M.C., Bolívar-Anillo, H.J., Villate, D.A., Sánchez, H. y Anfuso, G. (2020). Bosques de manglar del Caribe Norte Colombiano: análisis, evolución y herramientas de gestión. Revista Latinoamericana de Recursos Naturales, 16(1), pp. 31–54. DOI: https://doi.org/1033154/rlrn.2020.01.04

Chee, S.Y., Yee, J.C., Carey, D., Yusup, Y., and Gallenger, J.B. (2020). Anthropogenic marine debris accumulation in mangroves on Penang Island, Malaysia. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 15(6), pp. 36–60. Available at: https://jssm.umt.edu.my/wp-content/uploads/sites/51/2020/10/4-_15.6.pdf

Cheshire, A., Adler, A., Barbière, J., and Cohen, Y. (2009). UNEP/IOC Guidelines on survey and monitoring of marine waste. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies (No. 186, IOC Technical Series). Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11822/13604

Chong, J. (2005) - Protective values of mangrove and coral ecosystems: a review of methods and evidence. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Available at: https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/pr_values_mangrove_coral_ecosystems_methods_evidence.pdf

Cordeiro, C.A.M.M., and Costa, T.M. (2010). Evaluation of solid residues removed from a mangrove swamp in the São Vicente Estuary, SP, Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(10), pp. 1762–1767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.06.010

Corredor, L.Y. (2018). Malecón las Flores. un área de mejoramiento portuario con miras al crecimiento y desarrollo fluvial. Universidad La Gran Colombia. Disponible en: http://repository.ugc.edu.co/handle/11396/3346

DANE. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. (2018). Boletín técnico: Cuenta Ambiental y Económica de Flujo de Materiales – Residuos Sólidos 2012 - 2016. Disponible en: https://www.dane.gov.co

DANE. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. (2020). Colombia: proyecciones de población municipal por área hasta el 2020 del DANE. Disponible en: https://www.dane.gov.co

Derraik, J.G.B. (2002). The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44(9), pp. 842–852. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00220-5

Díaz, J.M. (2011). Una revisión sobe los manglares: características, problemáticas y su marco jurídico. Ra Ximbai. 7(3), pp. 355–369. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/461/46121063005.pdf

Fernandino, G., Elliff, C.I., Frutuoso, G.A., Silva, E.V.N.M. da, Gama, G.S., Sousa, J.H. de O., and Silva, I.R. (2016). Considerations on the effects of tidal regimes in the movement of floating waste in an estuarine environment: Case study of the estuarine system of Santos-São Vicente, Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 110(1), pp. 591–595. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.080

Friess, D.A., Rogers, K., Lovelock, C.E., Krauss, K.W., Hamilton, S.E., Lee, S.Y., Lucas, R., Primavera, J., Rajkaran, A., and Shi, S. (2019). The State of the World´s Mangrove Forests: Past, Present, and Future. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 44, pp. 89–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033302

Fuentes, F., Pinedo, J. y Marrugo, J. (2018). Metales pesados en especies ícticas de la ciénaga de Mallorquín, Colombia. Espacios, 39(3), art. 1225. Disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/11323/1225

Galgani, F., Hanke, G., and Maes, T. (2015). Global distribution, composition and abundance of marine waste. In: Bergmann, M., Gutow, L. and Klages, M. Marine Anthropogenic Waste, Springer, Berlin, pp. 29–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3

Gall, S.C., and Thompson, R.C. (2015). The impact of debris on marine life. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 92(1–2), pp. 170–179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.041

Garcés-Ordóñez, O., Castillo-Olaya, V.A., Granados-Briceño, A.F., Blandón, L.M., and Espinosa, L.F. (2019). Marine waste and microplastic pollution on mangrove soils of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 145(2), pp. 455–462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.058

Garcés-Ordóñez, O. y Bayona, M.R. (2019). Impactos de la contaminación por basura marina en el ecosistema de manglar de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano. Revista Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, 11(2), pp. 145–165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15359/revmar.11-2.8

Garcés-Ordóñez, O., Espinosa, L.F., Pereira, R., and Costa, M. (2020). The impact of tourism on marine waste pollution on Santa Marta beaches, Colombian Caribbean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 160, art. 111558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111558

Giesen, W., Wulffraat, S., Zieren, M., and Scholten, L. (2007). Mangrove quidebook for Southeast Asia. Food and Agricultural Organization and Wetlands International, Bangkok. Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/ag132e/ag132e00.htm

Gonçalves, M., Schmid, K., Andrade, M.C., Andrades, R., Pegado, T., and Guiarrizzo, T. (2020). Are the tidal flooded forests sinks for litter in the Amazonian estuary? Marine Polllution Bulletin, 161, art. 111732. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111732

Gracia, A., Rangel-Buitrago, N., and Flórez, L. (2018). Beach waste and woody-debris colonizers on the Atlantico department Caribbean coastline, Colombia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 128, pp. 185-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.017

Green, D.S., Boots, B., Blockley, D.J., Rocha, C., and Thompson, R. (2015). Impacts of discarded plastic bags on marine assemblages and ecosystem functioning. Environmental Science and Technology, 49(9), pp. 5380–5389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00277

GTA. Grupo de Investigación en Tecnologías del Agua. (2005). Análisis sobre el manejo integral del recurso hídrico en la Ciénaga de Mallorquín. Informe ejecutivo, Grupo de Investigación en Tecnologías en el agua. Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla. Disponible en: https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/56802314/analisis-sobre-el-manejo-integrado-del-recurso-hidrico-en-la-cienaga-de-mallorquin

Hamilton, S.E., and Casey, D. (2016). Creation of a high Spatio-temporal resolution global database of continuous mangrove forest cover for the 21st century (CGFMC-21). Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25(6), pp. 729–738. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12449

Hardesty, B.D., Lawson, T.J., van der Velde, T., Lansdell, M., and Wilcox, C. (2016). Estimating quantities and sources of marine debris at a continental scale. Frontiers and Ecology and the Environment, 1, pp. 18–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1447

Hartley, B.L., Thompson, R.C., and Pahl, S. (2015). Marine waste education boosts children’s understanding and self-reported actions. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 90(1–2), pp. 209–217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.049

Ivar do Sul, J.A., and Costa, M.E. (2013). Plastic pollution risks in an estuarine conservation unit. Journal of Coastal Research, 65, pp. 48 – 53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2112/SI65-009.1

Ivar do Sul, J.A., Costa, M.F., Silva-Cavalcanti, J.S., and Araújo, M.C.B. (2014). Plastic debris retention and exportation by a mangrove forest patch. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 78(1–2), pp. 252–257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.11.011

Jacho, C.E. (2020). Abundancia y distribución de macrobasura en los manglares de la comuna Puerto Roma, Provincia de Guayas, Ecuador. Tesis de pregrado. Universidad de Guayaquil. Disponible en: http://repositorio.ug.edu.ec/handle/redug/48725

Jambeck, J.R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T.R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., and Lavender Law, K. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science, 347, pp. 1655–1734. 10.1126/science.1260352

Kauffman, J.B., Heider, C., Cole, T.G., Dwire, K.A., and Donato, D.C. (2011). Ecosystem carbon stocks of micronesian mangrove forests. Wetlands, 31, pp. 343–352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260352 10.1007/s13157-011-0148-9

Krelling, A.P., Souza, M.M., Williams, A.T., and Turra, A. (2017). Transboundary movement of marine waste in an estuarine gradient: Evaluating sources and sinks using hydrodynamic modelling and ground truthing estimates. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 119(1), pp. 48–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.034

Langford, E. (2006). Quartiles in elementary statistics. Journal of Statistics Education, 14(3), art. 10589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10691898.2006.11910589

Lozoya, J.P., Teixeira de Mello, F., Carrizo, D., Weinstein, F., Olivera, Y., Cedrés, F., Pereira, M., and Fossati, M. (2016). Plastics and microplastics on recreational beaches in Punta del Este (Uruguay): unseen critical residents? Environmental Pollution, 218, pp. 931–941. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.041

Martín, C., Almahasheer, H., and Duarte, C.M. (2019). Mangrove forests as traps for marine waste. Environmental Pollution, 247, pp. 499–508. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.067

Mazarrasa, I., Puente, A., Núñez, P., García, A., Abascal, A.J., and Juanes, J.A. (2019). Assessing the risk of marine waste accumulation in estuarine habitats. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 144, pp. 117–128. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.060

Norris, B.K., Mullarney, J.C., Bryan, K.R., and Henderson, S.M. (2017). The effect of pneumatophore density of turbulence: A field study in a Sonneratia-dominated mangrove forest, Vietnam. Continental Shelf Research, 147, pp. 114–127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crs.2017.06.002

Ocean Conservancy. (2010). Trash travels: from our hands to the sea, around the globe, and through time. Washington, DC. Available at: https://oceanconservancy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/2010-Ocean-Conservancy-ICC-Report.pdf

OSPAR Commission. (2010). Guideline for monitoring marine waste on the beaches in the OSPAR Maritime Area. OSPAR Commission, 1, 84. Available at: https://www.ospar.org/ospar-data/10-02e_beachlitter%20guideline_english%20only.pdf

Padilla-Barrios, J. y Pineda-Vides, F. (2019). Análisis de las condiciones para el desarrollo de un programa de ecoturismo comunitario en la Ciénaga de Mallorquín barrio La Playa, Barranquilla – Colombia. Tesis de grado. Universidad de la Costa (CUC), Barranquilla, Colombia. Disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/11323/3118

Portz, L., Manzolli, R.P., Andrade, C.F.F., Villate-Daza, D.A., Bolivar D.A.B., and Alcántara-Carrió, J. (2020). Assessment of heavy metals pollution (Hg, Cr, Cd, Ni) in the sediments of Mallorquin lagoon - Barranquilla, Colombia. Journal Coastal Research, 95(SI), pp. 158-162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2112/SI95-031.1

Rangel-Buitrago, N., Williams, A., Anfuso, G., Arias, M., and Gracia, C.A. (2017). Magnitudes, sources, and management of beach waste along the Atlantico department coastline, Caribbean coast of Colombia. Ocean and Coastal Management, 138, pp. 142–157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.01.021

Rangel-Buitrago, N., Castro-Barros, J.D., Gracia, A., Villadiego, J.D.V., and Williams, A.T. (2018). Waste impacts on beach/dune systems along the Atlantico Department, the Caribbean Coastline of Colombia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 137, pp. 35–44. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.009

Rangel-Buitrago, N., Gracia, A., Vélez-Mendoza, A., Carvajal-Florián, A., Mojica-Martínez, L., and Neal, W.J. (2019a). Where did this refuse come from? Marine anthropogenic waste on a remote island of the Colombian Caribbean Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149, art. 110611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110611

Rangel-Buitrago, N., Vergara-Cortés, H., Barría-Herrera, J., Contreras-López, M., and Agredano, R. (2019b). Marine debris occurrence along Las Salinas beach, Viña Del Mar (Chile): Magnitudes, impacts and management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 178, art. 104842. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104842

Rangel-Buitrago, N., Vélez-Mendoza, A., Gracia, A., and Neal, W.J. (2020). The impact of anthropogenic Waste on Colombia´s central Caribbean beaches. Marine pollution Bulletin, 152, art. 110909. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110909

Rebolledo-Colina, J.I., and León-Luna, I.M. (2017). Design and calculation of modules for the hydrodynamic reestablishment of the Mallorquin Cienaga. Ciencia e Ingenieria. 4(2). Available at: http://revistas.uniguajira.edu.co/rev/index.php/cei/article/view/78/79

Rech, S., Macaya-Caquilpán, V., Pantoja, J.F., Rivadeneira, M.M., Jofre Madariaga, D., and Thiel, M. (2014). Rivers as a source of marine waste - A study from the SE Pacific. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 82(1–2), pp. 66–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.019

Rech, S., Salmina, S., Borrell, Y., and Garcia-Vasquez, E. (2018). Dispersal of alien invasive species on anthropogenic waste from European mariculture areas. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 131, pp. 10–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.03.038

Riascos, J.M., Valencia, N., Peña, E.J., and Cantera, J.R. (2019). Inhabiting the technosphere: The encroachment of anthropogenic marine waste in Neotropical mangrove forests and its use as habitat by macrobenthic biota. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 142, pp. 559–568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.010

Seeruttun, L.D., Raghbor, P., and Appadoo, C. (2021). First assessment of anthropogenic marine debris in mangrove forests of Mauritius, a small oceanic island. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 164, art. 112019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112019

Smith, S.D.A. (2012). Marine debris: a proximate threat to marine sustainability in Bootless Bay, Papua New Guinea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64(9), pp. 1880–1883. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.06.013

Smith, S.D.A., and Edgar, R.J. (2014). Documenting the density of subtidal marine debris across multiple marine and coastal habitats. PLoS ONE, 9(4), art. 94593. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094593

Somerville, S.E., Miller, K.L., and Mair, J.M. (2003). Assessment of the aesthetic quality of a selection of beaches in the Firth of Forth, Scotland. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46, pp. 1184–1190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00126-7

SSPD. Superintendencia de Servicios Públicos Domiciliarios. (2017). Informe nacional de aprovechamiento - 2016. SSPD. Disponible en: https://www.superservicios.gov.co/sites/default/archivos/SSPD%20Publicaciones/Publicaciones/2018/Oct/informenacionaldeaprovechamiento2016_dic1920161.pdf

SSPD. Superintendencia de Servicios Públicos Domiciliarios. (2019). Informe Sectorial de la Actividad de Aprovechamiento 2018. SSPD. -disponible en: https://www.superservicios.gov.co/sites/default/archivos/Publicaciones/Publicaciones/2020/Ene/informe_sectorial_aprovechamiento_2018.pdf

Suyadi,-Manullang, C.Y. (2020). Distribution of plastic debris pollution and it is implications on mangrove vegetation. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 160(2020), art. 111642. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111642

UNEP. United Nations Environment Programme. (2009). Sustainable coastal tourism: an integrated planning management approach. (Issue August 2016). United Nations Environment Programme, Milan. Available at: https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/7819

Valiela, I., Bowen, J.L., and York, J.K. (2001). Mangrove forests: one of the world’s threatened major tropical environments. BioScience, 51, pp. 807–815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0807:MFOOTW]2.0.CO,2

Vélez-Mendoza, A. (2022). Marine litter in mangroves: composition, magnitude, and impacts. Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, (51), pp. 50–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/rbct.101510

Vera, L.A. y De La Rosa-Muñoz, J. (2003). Estructura de la comunidad íctica de la ciénaga de mallorquín, Caribe Colombiano. Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, 32, pp. 231–242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2003.32.0.268

Villate, D.A., Sánchez, H., Portz, L., Portantiolo, R., Bolívar-Anillo, H.J., and Anfuso, G. (2020). Mangrove forests evolution and threats in the Caribbean Sea of Colombia. Water, 12, art. 1113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041113

Vivas-Aguas, L.J., Ibarra, K., Sánchez, J., Martinez, M., Nieto, Y., Moreno, Y., Cuadrado, I., Obando, P., Garces, O., Sánchez, D., Villarraga, M. y Sierra, O. (2015). Diagnóstico y evaluación de la calidad de aguas marinas y costeras en el Caribe y Pacífico colombianos. Informe Técnico 2014. Serie de Publicaciones Periódicas del INVEMAR, 4, 320 P. Disponible en: http://www.invemar.org.co/documents/10182/14479/Informe+REDCAM+2015_mayo2016.pdf

Williams, A.T., Rangel-Buitrago, N., Anfuso, G., Cervantes, O., and Botero, C. (2016a). Waste impacts on scenery and tourism on the Colombian north Caribbean coast. Tourism Management, 55, art. 209e224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.008

Williams, A.T., Randerson, P., Di Giacomo, C., Anfuso, G., Macias, A., and Perales, J. A. (2016b). Distribution of beach waste along the coastline of Cádiz, Spain. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 107(1), pp. 77–87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.015

Williams, A.T., and Rangel-Buitrago, N. (2019). Marine waste: Solutions for a major environmental problem. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(3), pp. 648–663. DOI: https://doi.org/102112/JCOASTRES-D-18-00096.1

Cómo citar

APA

Vélez-Mendoza, A., Villamil, C., Castellanos, K. y Domínguez-Haydar, Y. (2023). Assessment of marine litter in the mangrove forest in the Ciénaga de Mallorquín, Colombian Caribbean region . Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, (53), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.15446/rbct.105749

ACM

[1]
Vélez-Mendoza, A., Villamil, C., Castellanos, K. y Domínguez-Haydar, Y. 2023. Assessment of marine litter in the mangrove forest in the Ciénaga de Mallorquín, Colombian Caribbean region . Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra. 53 (jun. 2023), 23–37. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/rbct.105749.

ACS

(1)
Vélez-Mendoza, A.; Villamil, C.; Castellanos, K.; Domínguez-Haydar, Y. Assessment of marine litter in the mangrove forest in the Ciénaga de Mallorquín, Colombian Caribbean region . Bol. Cienc. Tierra 2023, 23-37.

ABNT

VÉLEZ-MENDOZA, A.; VILLAMIL, C.; CASTELLANOS, K.; DOMÍNGUEZ-HAYDAR, Y. Assessment of marine litter in the mangrove forest in the Ciénaga de Mallorquín, Colombian Caribbean region . Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, [S. l.], n. 53, p. 23–37, 2023. DOI: 10.15446/rbct.105749. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/rbct/article/view/105749. Acesso em: 31 ago. 2024.

Chicago

Vélez-Mendoza, Anubis, Carlos Villamil, Karina Castellanos, y Yamileth Domínguez-Haydar. 2023. «Assessment of marine litter in the mangrove forest in the Ciénaga de Mallorquín, Colombian Caribbean region ». Boletín De Ciencias De La Tierra, n.º 53 (junio):23-37. https://doi.org/10.15446/rbct.105749.

Harvard

Vélez-Mendoza, A., Villamil, C., Castellanos, K. y Domínguez-Haydar, Y. (2023) «Assessment of marine litter in the mangrove forest in the Ciénaga de Mallorquín, Colombian Caribbean region », Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, (53), pp. 23–37. doi: 10.15446/rbct.105749.

IEEE

[1]
A. Vélez-Mendoza, C. Villamil, K. Castellanos, y Y. Domínguez-Haydar, «Assessment of marine litter in the mangrove forest in the Ciénaga de Mallorquín, Colombian Caribbean region », Bol. Cienc. Tierra, n.º 53, pp. 23–37, jun. 2023.

MLA

Vélez-Mendoza, A., C. Villamil, K. Castellanos, y Y. Domínguez-Haydar. «Assessment of marine litter in the mangrove forest in the Ciénaga de Mallorquín, Colombian Caribbean region ». Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, n.º 53, junio de 2023, pp. 23-37, doi:10.15446/rbct.105749.

Turabian

Vélez-Mendoza, Anubis, Carlos Villamil, Karina Castellanos, y Yamileth Domínguez-Haydar. «Assessment of marine litter in the mangrove forest in the Ciénaga de Mallorquín, Colombian Caribbean region ». Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, no. 53 (junio 27, 2023): 23–37. Accedido agosto 31, 2024. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/rbct/article/view/105749.

Vancouver

1.
Vélez-Mendoza A, Villamil C, Castellanos K, Domínguez-Haydar Y. Assessment of marine litter in the mangrove forest in the Ciénaga de Mallorquín, Colombian Caribbean region . Bol. Cienc. Tierra [Internet]. 27 de junio de 2023 [citado 31 de agosto de 2024];(53):23-37. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/rbct/article/view/105749

Descargar cita

CrossRef Cited-by

CrossRef citations0

Dimensions

PlumX

Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo

305

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.