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Análisis de procedencia de la Formación Tena en el río Anzu, Puyo – Ecuador
Provenance analysis of the Tena Formation in the Anzu River, Puyo – Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rbct.n55.112656Palabras clave:
geoquímica; petrografía; minerales pesados; formación Tena; zona subandina (es)geochemistry; petrography; heavy minerals; Tena formation; subandean zone (en)
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La mega secuencia sedimentaria del Cretácico Superior de la cuenca Oriente en Ecuador se compone por las formaciones Hollín, Napo y Tena, que ha sido ampliamente estudiada debido a su interés económico en la industria petrolera. No obstante, la escasa información acerca de las características petrográficas y geoquímicas de las rocas fuente de la Formación Tena en el centro y sur de la zona Subandina ha generado incertidumbre en el modelo de evolución geológica regional, particularmente en el intervalo Maastrichtiano a Paleoceno. La sección del río Anzu, al noroeste de Puyo, proporciona la oportunidad de analizar la procedencia de la Formación Tena, exhibiendo de forma completa y continua su secuencia estratigráfica. Con el propósito de definir la fuente detrítica de la Formación Tena, esta investigación detalla la litoestratigrafía, petrografía, geoquímica y asociación de minerales pesados en la sección del río Anzu. El análisis petrográfico revela que las areniscas de la Formación Tena son litoareniscas feldespáticas, arcosas líticas y sublitarenitas, originadas a partir de fuentes sedimentarias ricas en cuarzo, con influencia ígnea y metamórfica. Las asociaciones de minerales pesados, junto con las concentraciones de elementos mayores, traza y tierras raras, indican que estas areniscas provienen principalmente de provincias sedimentarias recicladas, con influencia de provincias ígneas ácidas y metamórficas. Estas fuentes estarían vinculadas a regiones andinas que exhumaron y asimilaron bloques o cuñas tectónicas de la cuenca Oriente durante el inicio de la orogenia Andina a finales del Cretácico Superior e inicio del Paleoceno; la erosión de estos bloques controló el detrito disponible para la sedimentación de la Formación Tena en la zona de estudio.
The Upper Cretaceous sedimentary mega-sequence of the Oriente Basin (Ecuador) is composed of the Hollín, Napo, and Tena formations, which have been extensively studied due to their economic interest in the oil industry. However, the limited information regarding the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the source rocks of the Tena Formation in the central and southern Subandean zone has generated uncertainty in the regional geological evolution model, particularly in the Maastrichtian to Paleocene interval. The Anzu River section, northwest of Puyo, provides the opportunity to analyze the provenance of the Tena Formation, exhibiting its stratigraphic sequence fully and continuously. With the purpose of defining the detrital source of the Tena Formation, this research details the lithostratigraphy, petrography, geochemistry, and heavy mineral association in the Anzu River section. Petrographic analysis reveals that the sandstones of the Tena Formation are lithic feldspathic arenites, lithic arkoses, and sub-litharenites, originating from sedimentary sources rich in quartz, with igneous and metamorphic influence. The associations of heavy minerals and concentrations of major, trace, and rare earth elements indicate that these sandstones mainly come from recycled sedimentary provinces, with influence from acidic igneous and metamorphic provinces. These sources would be linked to Andean regions that exhumed and assimilated tectonic blocks or wedges from the Oriente Basin during the onset of the Andean orogeny in the late Upper Cretaceous and early Paleocene; the erosion of these blocks controlled the detritus available for the sedimentation of the Tena Formation in the study area.
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