Publicado

2016-07-01

Occurrence of chloritoid-bearing metapelitic rocks and their significance in the metamorphism of the Silgará Formation at the Central Santander Massif

Ocurrencia de rocas metapelíticas con presencia de cloritoide y su significado en el metamorfismo de la Formación Silgará en la región central del Macizo de Santander

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rbct.n40.48416

Palabras clave:

Chloritoid, Metapelitic rocks, Silgará Formation, Central Santander Massif, Colombian Andes (en)
Cloritoide, Rocas metapelíticas, Formación Silgará, Región Central del Macizo de Santander, Andes Colombianos. (es)

Descargas

Autores/as

We report here for the first time the occurrence of chloritoid in Mg-Al-rich metapelitic rocks of the Silgará Formation at the Central Santander Massif, which was metamorphosed up to the amphibolite facies. These rocks contain an unusual mineral assemblage such as quartz + biotite + muscovite + garnet + staurolite ± kyanite ± chloritoid, with minor plagioclase and K-feldspar, and Fe-Ti oxides as the main accessory phases. Associated carbonate rocks containing the mineral assemblage tremolite + calcite. Chloritoid occurs as porphyroblastic tablets in graphite-bearing metapelitic schists highly tectonized that can be associated to the influence of the major tectonic structures in the study area. The occurrence of chloritoid as an index mineral in metapelitic rocks of the Silgará Formation is attributed to a thermal event (associated to the emplacement of small granitic masses) overimposed on the regional metamorphism.
En el presente estudio se reporta por primera vez la aparición de cloritoide en metapelitas ricas en Mg-Al de la Formación Silgará en la región central del Macizo de Santander, las cuales fueron afectadas por un metamorfismo hasta en facies anfibolita. Estas rocas contienen una asociación mineral inusual, tal como cuarzo + biotita + moscovita + granate + estaurolita ± cianita ± cloritoide, con menor plagioclasa y feldespato potásico, y óxidos de Fe-Ti como las principales fases accesorias. Rocas carbonatadas asociadas contienen la asociación mineral tremolita + calcita. El cloritoide ocurre como porfidoblastos tabulares en esquistos metapelíticos con grafito fuertemente tectonizados que pueden asociarse a la influencia de las principales estructuras tectónicas en el área de estudio. La ocurrencia de cloritoide como un mineral índice en las rocas metapelíticas de la Formación Silgará se atribuye a un evento térmico (asociado al emplazamiento de pequeñas masas graníticas) sobreimpuesto al metamorfismo regional.

Referencias

Atkinson, D.J., The Occurrence of chloritoid in the Hecla Hoek Formation of prince charles foreland, Spitsbergen. Geological Magazine 93(1), pp. 63-71, 1956. DOI: 10.1017/S0016756800063731

Atherton, M.P., The occurrence and implications of chloritoid in a contact aureole andalusite schists from Ardara, County Donegal. Journal of Earth Science, Royal Dublin Society 3, pp. 101-109, 1980.

Atherton, M.P. and Smith, R.A., Chloritoid-staurolite assemblages from Barrow's Zones in Central Perthshire, Scotland. Geological Magazine 116(6), pp. 469-476, 1979. DOI: 10.1017/S0016756800044460

Baltatzis, E. and Wood, B.J., The occurrence of paragonite in chloritoid schists from Stonehaven, Scotland. Mineralogical Magazine 41(318), pp. 211-216, 1977. DOI: 10.1180/minmag.1977.041.318.08

Banks, P., Vargas, R., Rodríguez, G.I. and Shagam, R., Zircon U-Pb ages from orthogneiss, Pamplona, Colombia. VI Congreso Latinoamericano de Geología, Bogotá. Resúmenes, 1985.

Boinet, T., Bourgois, J., Bellon, H. and Toussaint, J., Age et repartition du magmatism premesozoique des Andes de Colombie. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séaces de L’Académie des Sciences. Serie D: Sciences Naturalles 300, pp. 445-450, 1985.

Brindley, J.C. and Elsdon, R., Chloritoid-bearing rocks in the Leinster massif. The Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society A5, pp. 123-129, 1974.

Cabanis, B., La tectogenèse hercynienne dans la région de Morlaix et sa signification à l'echelle du Nord-Ouest da la Bretagne. Bulletin de la Sociéte Geologique de France 16, pp. 230-237, 1974.

Cabanis, B., Apport de la géochimie des éléments majeurs à la connaissance des schistes noirs alumineux et de leurs paragenéses en climat épizonal. Application aux schistes de la région de Morlaix (Finistère); consequences stratigraphiques. Bulletin du BRGM, 1(1-2), pp. 25-38, 1982.

Campos, N., Estudio mineralógico y petrográfico de las metamorfitas al occidente del Municipio de Mutiscua (Norte de Santander). Tesis de grado. Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia, 1999.

Cardona, A., Correlacoes entre fragmentos do embasamento Pre-Mesozoico da terminacao setentrional dos Andes Colombianos, com base em datos isotopicos e geocronologicos. Dissertacao de Mestrado. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil, 2003, 149 P.

Castellanos, O.M., Chemical composition of the rock-forming minerals in the Silgará formation and P-T conditions in the Mutiscua area, Santander Massif, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia. MSc.Thesis. Shimane University, Matsue, Japan, 2001, 146 P.

Castellanos, O.M., Ríos, C.A., and Takasu, A., Chemically sector-zoned garnets in the metapelitic rocks of the Silgará Formation in the central Santander Massif, Colombian Andes: Occurrence and growth history. Boletín de Geología 26, pp. 91-18, 2004.

Castellanos, O.M., Ríos, C.A. and Takasu, A., A new approach on the tectonometamorphic mechanisms associated with P–T paths of the Barrovian-type Silgará Formation at the Central Santander Massif, Colombian Andes. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 12, pp. 125-155, 2008.

Castellanos, O.M., Ríos, C.A. and Takasu, A., X-ray color maps of the zoned garnets from Silgará Formation metamorphic rocks, Santander Massif, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 14, pp. 161-172, 2010.

Chinner, G.A., Chloritoid, and the isochemical character of Barrow's zones. Journal of Petrology, 8(2), pp. 268-282, 1967.

Clavijo, J., Mapa geológico generalizado del departamento de Norte de Santander, Memoria explicativa. Informe interno INGEOMINAS, 1994, 67 P.

Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., and Zussman, J., An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed., Addison Wesley Longman Limited, Essex, 1992, 696 P.

Dickenson, M.P., Local and regional differences in the chemical potential of water in amphibolite facies pelitic schists. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 6, pp. 365-381, 1988. DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1988.tb00426.x

Dörr, W., Grösser, J., Rodriguez, G. and Kramm, U., Zircon U-Pb age of the Páramo Rico tonalite-granodiorite, Santander Massif (Cordillera Oriental, Colombia) and its geotectonic significance. Journal of South American Earth Science, 8, pp. 187-194, 1975. DOI: 10.1016/0895-9811(95)00004-Y

Evirgen, M.M. and Ashworth, J.R., Andalusitic and kyanitic facies series in the central Menderes Massif, Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch der Mineralogie Monatsshefte, 5, pp. 219-227, 1984.

Flinn, D., Key, R.M. and Khoo, T.T., The chloritoid schists of Shetland and their thermal metamorphism. Scottish Journal of Geology 32(1), pp. 67-82, 1996.

Ganguly, J., Chloritoid stability and related paragenesis: Theory, experiments and applications. American Journal of Sciences 267, pp. 910-944, 1969. DOI: 10.2475/ajs.267.8.910

García, C.A. y Campos, N.O., Composición química y mineralogía de las biotitas metamórficas del sector central del Macizo de Santander, Colombia. Boletín de Geología 22(37), pp. 18-27, 2000.

García, C.A., Ríos, C.A. and Castellanos, O.M., Medium-pressure metamorphism in the central Santander Massif, Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes: Constraints for a collision model. Boletín de Geología 27(2), pp. 43-68, 2005.

Gélvez, J. y Márquez, R., Caracterización textural del granate y de sus elementos de deformación asociados, y modelamiento de su historia de nucleación y crecimiento en las rocas metapelíticas de la Formación Silgará en la región suroccidental del Macizo de Santander. Tesis de Grado. Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia, 2002.

Goldsmith, R., Marvin, R. and Mehnert, H., Radiometric ages in the Santander Massif, eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 750-D, pp. D41-D49, 1971.

Gómez, S.I. y Avila, G.A., Petrogénesis de las rocas calcosilicatadas que ocurren como bandas de reacción entre mármoles y rocas metapelíticas de la Formación Silgará, región Central del Macizo de Santander. Tesis de Grado. Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia, 2006.

Halferdahl, L.B., Chloritoid: Its composition, X-ray and optical properties, stability and occurrence. Journal of Petrology, 2, pp. 49-135, 1961. DOI: 10.1093/petrology/2.1.49

Holdaway, M.J., Significance of chloritoid and staurolite bearing rocks in the Picuris Range, New Mexico. Geological Society of American Bulletin, 89, pp. 1404-1414, 1978. DOI: 10.1130/0016-7606(1978)89<1404:SOCASR>2.0.CO;2

Javkhlan, O., Takasu, A., Bat-Ulzii, D. and Kabir, M.F., Metamorphic pressure-temperature evolution of garnet-chloritoid schists from the Lake Zone, SW Mongolia. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 108(5), pp. 255-266, 2013. DOI: 10.2465/jmps.120803

Johnson, T.M., Brown, M. and Solar, G.S., Low–pressure subsolidus and suprasolidus phase equilibria in the MnNCKFMASH system: Constraints on conditions of regional metamorphism in western Maine, northern Appalachians. American Mineralogist, 88, pp. 624-638, 2003. DOI: 10.2138/am-2003-0416

Julivert, M., Cover and basement tectonics in the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, South America, and a comparison with some other folded chains. Geological Society American Bulletin, 81, pp. 3623-364, 1970. DOI: 10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[3623:CABTIT]2.0.CO;2

Kaneko, Y. and Miyano, T., Contact metamorphism by the bushveld complex in the northeastern Transvaal, South Africa. Journal of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, 85, pp. 66-81, 1990. DOI: 10.2465/ganko.85.66

Kramm, U., Chloritoid stability in manganese rich low-grade metamorphic rocks, Venn-Stavelot Massif, Ardennes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 41, pp. 179-196, 1973. DOI: 10.1007/BF00375042

Liou, J.-G. and Chen, P.-Y., Chemistry and origin of chloritoid rocks from eastern Taiwan. Lithos, 11(3), pp. 175-187, 1978. DOI: 10.1016/0024-4937(78)90018-X

Labotka, T.C., Petrology of an andalusite-type regional metamorphic terrain, Panamint Mountains, California. Journal of Petrology, 22, pp. 261-296, 1981. DOI: 10.1093/petrology/22.2.261

Lal, R.K. and Ackermand, D., Coexisting chloritoid-staurolite from the Sillimanite (fibrolite) zone, Sini, district Singhbhum, India. Lithos, 12(2), pp. 133-142, 1979. DOI: 10.1016/0024-4937(79)90044-6

Likhanov, I.I., Reverdatto, V.V., Sheplev, V.S., Verschinin, A.E. and Kozlov, P.S., Contact metamorphism of Fe- and Al-rich graphitic metapelites in the Transangarian region of the Yenisei Ridge, eastern Siberia, Russia. Lithos, 58(1-2), pp. 55-80, 2001. DOI: 10.1016/S0024-4937(01)00048-2

Mantilla, L.C., Ordoñez, J.C., Cepeda, S. and Ríos, C.A., Study of the paleofluids in the Silgará Formation and their relationship with deformation processes, Aratoca-Pescadero area (southwestern Santander Massif). Boletín de Geología, 23(38), pp. 69-75, 2001.

Mantilla, L.C., Ríos, C.A. and Castellanos, O.M., Study of the rehydratation process of the Silgará Formation metamorphic rocks, from the compositional analysis of chlorite, southwestern Santander Massif. Boletín de Geología, 24(39), pp. 7-17, 2002.

Mantilla, L.C., Ríos, C.A., Gélvez, J., Márquez, R., Ordoñez, J.C. and Cepeda, S., New evidences on the presence of a shear band in the metapelitic sequence of the Silgará Formation, Aratoca-Pescadero area (southwestern Santander Massif). Boletín de Geología, 25(40), pp. 81-89, 2003.

Montenegro, G. y Barragán, M., Metamorfismo y evolución metamórfica del área comprendida entre los municipios de Vetas (Santander) y Mutiscua (Norte de Santander). Tesis de grado. Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia, 1999.

Ochoa, M., Arribas, J., Mas, R. and Goldstein, R.H., Destruction of a fluvial reservoir by hydrothermal activity (Cameros Basin, Spain). Sedimentary Geology, 202(1–2), pp. 158-173, 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.05.017

Okuyama-Kusunose, Y., Phase relations in andalusite–silimanite type Fe-rich aluminous metapelites: Tono contact metamorphic aureole, northeast Japan. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 12, pp. 153-168, 1994. DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1994.tb00011.x

Ordóñez, J., Petrology and geochemistry of the granitoids at the Santander Massif, Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes. MSc. Thesis, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan, 2003, 150P.

Ordóñez, J. and Mantilla, L., Significance of an early Cretaceous Rb-Sr age in the Pescadero Pluton, Santander Massif. Boletín de Geología, 26(43), pp. 115-126, 2004.

Passchier, C.W. and Trow, R.A.J., Micro-tectonics. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany,1991, 289 P.

Pattison, D.R.M., Tracy, R.J., Phase equilibria and thermobarometry of metapelites. In: Kerrick, D.M. (Ed.), Contact Metamorphism. Reviews in Mineralogy 26. Mineralogical Society of America, Chelsea, Michigan, 1991, pp. 105-206.

Phillips, G.N., The metamorphism of the Witwatersrand goldfields. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 5, pp. 307-322, 1987. DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1987.tb00387.x

Primmer, T.J., A transition from diagenesis to greenschist facies within a major Variscan fold/thrust complex in south-west England. Mineralogical Magazine, 49, pp. 365-374, 1985. DOI: 10.1180/minmag.1985.049.352.07

Restrepo-Pace, P., Late Precambrian to Early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Colombian Andes, based on new geochronological, geochemical and isotopic data. PhD Thesis. University of Arizona, Arizona, USA, 1995, 195P.

Ríos, C.A., Chemical compositions of the constituent minerals and P-T conditions of the low-grade Silgará Formation metamorphic rocks in the Santander Massif, Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes. MSc. Thesis. Shimane University, Matsue, Japan, 1999, 207 P.

Ríos, C.A. and Takasu, A., Chemical zoning of garnet from the low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Silgará Formation, Santander Massif, Eastern Cordillera (Colombian Andes). Geosciences Reports of Shimane University, 18, pp. 97-107,1999.

Ríos, C.A., Occurrence, chemical composition and genetic significance of the biotite in the Silgará Formation metamorphic rocks, southwestern Santander Massif, Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes. Boletín de Geología, 23(38), pp. 41-49, 2001.

Ríos, C.A. and García, C.A., First occurrence of the three Al2SiO5 polymorphs in the Silgará Formation metapelitic rocks, southwestern Santander Massif, Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes. Boletín de Geología, 23(38), pp. 51-59, 2001.

Ríos, C.A., García, C.A. and Takasu, A., Tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Silgará Formation metamorphic rocks in the southwestern Santander Massif, Colombian Andes. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 16, pp. 133-154, 2003. DOI: 10.1016/S0895-9811(03)00025-7

Ríos, C.A., Cation substitutions governing the chemistry of amphibole in the Silgará Formation metabasites at the southwestern Santander Massif. Boletín de Geología, 27(2), pp. 13-30, 2005.

Ríos, C.A., Castellanos, O.M. and Takasu, A., A new interpretation for the garnet zoning in metapelitic rocks of the Silgará Formation, southwestern Santander Massif, Colombia. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 12, pp. 7-30, 2008.

Ríos, C.A., Castellanos, O.M., Gómez, S.I. and Avila, G.A., Petrogenesis of the metacarbonate and related rocks of the Silgará Formation, Central Santander Massif, Colombian Andes: An overview of a "reaction calcic exoscarn”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 12, pp. 72-106, 2008.

Robinson, D. and Bevins, R.E., 1986. Incipient metamorphism in the Lower Palaeozoic marginal basin of Wales. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 4, pp. 101-113, DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1986.tb00340.x

Schäfer, J., Grösser, J. and Rodríguez, G., Proterozoic Formación Silgará, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia: Metamorphism and geochemistry of amphibolites. Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, (Teil I) (3-6), pp. 531-546, 1998.

Spear, F., Metamorphic phase equilibria and pressure-temperature-time paths, Monograph Series, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC, USA, 1993, 799 P.

Spear, F. and Cheney, J., A petrogenetic grid for pelitic schists in the system SiO2–Al2O3–FeO–MgO–K2O–H2O. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 101, pp. 149-164, 1989. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00186.x

Turner, F.J. and Verhoogen, J., Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. McGrawHill Book Co., New York, USA, 1960.

Wang, P. and Spear, F.S., A field and theoretical analysis of garnet+chlorite+chloritoid+biotite assemblages from the tri-state MA, CT, NY area, U.S.A. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 106, pp. 217-235, 1991. DOI: 10.1007/BF00306435

Ward, D.E., Goldsmith, R., Jimeno, V., Cruz, B., Restrepo, H. and Gómez, R., Mapa Geológico del Cuadrángulo H-12, Bucaramanga, Colombia. Ingeominas. 1969.

Ward, D.E., Goldsmith, R., Cruz, B.J., Jaramillo, C.L. and Vargas, L.R., Mapa Geológico del Cuadrángulo H-13, Pamplona, Colombia. Ingeominas. 1970.

Ward, D.E., Goldsmith, R., Cruz, B.J., Jaramillo, C.L. and Restrepo, H., Geología de los Cuadrángulos H-12, Bucaramanga y H-13, Pamplona, Departamento de Santander. U.S. Geological Survey e Ingeominas. Boletín Geológico, XXI(1-3), 1973, 132 P.

Whitney D.L. and Evans B.W., Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, pp. 185-187, 2010. DOI: 10.2138/am.2010.3371

Whitney, D.L., Mechum, T.A., Kuehner, S.M. and Dilek, Y.R., Progressive metamorphism of pelitic rocks from protolith to granulite facies, Dutchess County, New York, USA: Constraints on the timing of fluid infiltration during regional metamorphism. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 14(2), pp. 163-181, 1996 .DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1314.1996.05836.x

Williamson, D.H., Petrology of chloritoid and staurolite rocks north of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire (eastern Scotland). Geological Magazine, [Online] 90(5), pp. 353-36, 1953. DOI: 10.1017/S0016756800064803. [Consulted on 15 April of 2014]. Available at: http://www.sfu.ca/~marshall/sem/mineral.htm Mineral Energy Dispersive Spectra (EDS).

Dimensions

PlumX

Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo

1464

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Cómo citar

Castellanos-Alarcón, O. M., Ríos-Reyes, C. A., & García-Ramírez, C. A. (2016). Ocurrencia de rocas metapelíticas con presencia de cloritoide y su significado en el metamorfismo de la Formación Silgará en la región central del Macizo de Santander. Boletín De Ciencias De La Tierra, 40, 5-15. https://doi.org/10.15446/rbct.n40.48416

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2016 Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.

El autor o autores de un artículo aceptado para publicación en cualquiera de las revistas editadas por la facultad de Minas cederán la totalidad de los derechos patrimoniales a la Universidad Nacional de Colombia de manera gratuita, dentro de los cuáles se incluyen: el derecho a editar, publicar, reproducir y distribuir tanto en medios impresos como digitales, además de incluir en artículo en índices internacionales y/o bases de datos, de igual manera, se faculta a la editorial para utilizar las imágenes, tablas y/o cualquier material gráfico presentado en el artículo para el diseño de carátulas o posters de la misma revista.  Al asumir los derechos patrimoniales del artículo, no podrá reproducirse parcial o totalmente en ningún medio impreso o digital sin permiso expreso del mismo.