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Fitoquímica y bioactividad comparativa de cascarilla de tres variedades de Coffea arabica (Acawa, Sarchimor y Bourbon sidra)
Phytochemistry and comparative bioactivity of husk from three Coffea arabica varieties (Acawa, Sarchimor and Bourbon sidra)
Fitoquímica e bioatividade comparativa da casca de três variedades de Coffea arabica (Acawa, Sarchimor e Bourbon sidra)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v55n1.120573Palabras clave:
Cascarilla de café, Antioxidante, Hipoglucemiante, Compuestos fenólicos, Cafeína (es)Coffee husk, Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic, Phenolic compounds, Caffeine (en)
Cascas de café, Antioxidante, Hipoglicêmico, Compostos fenólicos, Cafeína (pt)
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La cascarilla de café es un subproducto agroindustrial con potencial terapéutico por su riqueza en compuestos bioactivos. Esta investigación se propuso evaluar la composición proximal y el perfil fitoquímico preliminar, así como la capacidad antioxidante y el efecto hipoglucemiante preliminar, de la cascarilla de tres variedades de Coffea arabica: Acawa (A), Sarchimor (S) y Bourbon sidra (B). El perfil fitoquímico, obtenido mediante cromatografía en capa delgada (CCD) y cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CLAE-EM), sugirió una mayor diversidad de metabolitos en la variedad S, en la que se destaca la presencia de cafeína y de compuestos fenólicos (derivados de ácidos clorogénicos, procianidinas y mangiferina). Los métodos espectrofotométricos demostraron que las variedades A y S presentaron las mayores concentraciones de fenoles totales, de taninos y del alcaloide. El contenido fenólico correlacionó de manera fuerte y positiva con la capacidad antioxidante determinada mediante el secuestro del radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH) (r = 0,972, p < 0,001) y el poder antioxidante reductor del ion férrico (FRAP) (r = 0,906, p < 0,001). El ensayo exploratorio en ratones con la variedad S demostró una reducción significativa de la glucemia basal frente al control negativo (p < 0,05), aunque inferior a la glibenclamida. Se concluye que la cascarilla de café tiene capacidad antioxidante y un efecto hipoglucemiante incipiente derivado de su matriz compleja, lo cual sustenta su posible aprovechamiento en la elaboración de fitofármacos o como ingrediente funcional en la industria alimentaria.
Coffee husk is an agro-industrial by-product with therapeutic potential due to its richness in bioactive compounds. This research aimed to evaluate the proximate composition and preliminary phytochemical profile, as well as the antioxidant capacity and exploratory hypoglycemic effect, of the husk from three Coffea arabica varieties: Acawa (A), Sarchimor (S), and Bourbon sidra (B). The phytochemical profiling, obtained through thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), suggested a greater diversity of metabolites in the S variety, highlighting the presence of caffeine and phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid derivatives, procyanidins, and mangiferin). Spectrophotometric methods demonstrated that varieties A and S exhibited the highest concentrations of total phenols, tannins, and the aforementioned alkaloid. The phenolic content correlated strongly and positively with the antioxidant capacity determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay (r = 0.972, p < 0.001) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (r = 0.906, p < 0.001). The exploratory in vivo assay in mice using the S variety demonstrated a significant reduction in basal glycemia compared to the negative control (p < 0.05), although less pronounced than with glibenclamide. It is concluded that coffee husk exhibits antioxidant capacity and an incipient hypoglycemic effect derived from its complex matrix, which supports its potential utilization in the development of phytopharmaceuticals or as a functional ingredient in the food industry.
A casca de café é um subproduto agroindustrial com potencial terapêutico devido à sua riqueza em compostos bioativos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a composição centesimal e o perfil fitoquímico preliminar, bem como a capacidade antioxidante e o efeito hipoglicemiante exploratório da casca de três variedades de Coffea arabica: Acawa (A), Sarchimor (S) e Bourbon sidra (B). O perfil fitoquímico, obtido por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CLAE-EM), sugeriu uma maior diversidade de metabólitos na variedade S, destacando-se a presença de cafeína e de compostos fenólicos (derivados de ácidos clorogênicos, procianidinas e mangiferina). Os métodos espectrofotométricos demonstraram que as variedades A e S apresentaram as maiores concentrações de fenóis totais, taninos e do referido alcaloide. O conteúdo fenólico correlacionou-se de maneira forte e positiva com a capacidade antioxidante determinada pelo ensaio de sequestro do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil (DPPH) (r = 0,972, p < 0,001) e pelo poder antioxidante redutor do ferro (FRAP) (r = 0,906, p < 0,001). O ensaio exploratório in vivo em camundongos com a variedade S demonstrou uma redução significativa da glicemia basal em relação ao controle negativo (p < 0,05), embora inferior à glibenclamida. Conclui-se que a casca de café exibe capacidade antioxidante e um efeito hipoglicemiante incipiente derivado de sua matriz complexa, o que sustenta seu possível aproveitamento na elaboração de fitofármacos ou como ingrediente funcional na indústria de alimentos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Mercedes Campo Fernández, Génesis Katiusca Morocho Cruz, Wilson Alexander Zambrano Zambrano, Nubia Lisbeth Matute Castro, Osmany Cuesta Rubio , Ingrid Márquez Hernández, Jefferson Manuel Tocto-León
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