Fosfolipasas A2 y su importancia clínica
Keywords:
fosfolipasas, fosfolipasas A2, inhibidores enzymaticos, membrana, sepsis, inflamación (es)Phospholipases, Phospholipase A2, enzymatic inhibition membrane lipids, sepsis, inflammation (en)
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Se revisa el estado actual del conocimiento con respecto al papel fisiológico de las fosfolipasas A2, su clasificación funcional y molecular. Las PLA2 son enzimas que hidrolizan los ácidos grasos de membrana y llevan a la producción de derivados del ácido araquidónico entre otros. Se describen una serie de procesos patológicos en los cuales se encuentran involucradas. De otra parte se presentan los inhibidores específicos para cada una de las familias de PLA2 y su posible utilización terapéutica. Las PLA2 son enzimas implicadas en procesos inflamatorios, en acciones enzimáticas que deterioran varios sistemas y en el proceso de transducción de señal intracelular. El potencial de intervención con fines de tratamiento es bastante amplio y los inhibidores diseñados en los últimos años han sido muy especifico s ya que han tenido en cuenta las particularidades estructurales de cada familia de PLA2, las cuales hacen que tengan funciones muy diferentes entre cada una de ellas. Se pueden augurar la aparición de nuevos tratamientos para enfermedades de tipo metabólico como la diabetes, inflamatorios como la sepsis, enfermedades autoinmunes e infecciones por la inhibición de procesos de invasión de organismos intracelulares obligatorios.
We review our current knowledge of the molecular and biochemical characteristics of phospholipases A2 (PLA2) enzymes. PLA2 are a superfamily group of enzymes that hydrolyze membrane Iipids to produce arachidonic acid and other precursors of prostaglandins. PLA2 are enzymes involved in inflammatory process, remodeling cell membrane and in intracellular signaling. We also describe the pathological process where PLA2 is involved. We describe the specific inhibitor for each group of PLA2 enzymes. Besides, the possible and real clinical applications of each inhibitor is analyzed. The therapeutic field of intervention is wide and inhibition recently developed allows specific inhibition of each group of PLA2. New treatments based on specific inhibition of a particular group of PLA2 enzymes are awaited for diseases as diabetes, sepsis autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases.
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