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Evaluación de la producción de sedimentos en la cuenca del río La Miel
Palabras clave:
Modelos de Erosión, Sistemas de Información Geográfica SIG, RUSLE, Planificación de Cuencas, Pérdida de Suelo (es)Erosion Models, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), RUSLE, Watershed Planning, Soil Loss (en)
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Se presenta una aplicación de la ecuación universal de pérdida de suelos revisada (RUSLE) en la cuenca del proyecto hidroeléctrico del rio la Miel (MIEL I), usando sistemas de información geográfica (SIG). Se emplearon 13 estaciones de precipitación para estimar el factor de erosividad de la lluvia R de forma aproximada, una imagen LANDSAT para obtener el mapa de usos del suelo y el factor de cobertura vegetal C. Los factores de prácticas de conservación P y de erodabilidad del suelo K fueron obtenidos a partir de valores recomendados por otros autores según los usos y tipo de suelo predominantes en la cuenca. El factor topográfico LS fue obtenido usando dos métodos: el método tradicional de Wischmeir y Smith y el método propuesto por Hamilton y Hickey (2001). Finalmente la metodología permitió representar la Pérdida de Suelo (t/ha.año) en formato ráster e identificar las áreas con los mayores valores de pérdida de suelo.
The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been applied to “La Miel” hydropower project river basin (Miel I), using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). In order to estimate soil loss the following data has been considered: thirteen precipitation stations to estimate rainfall erosive R- factor in approximated form; a LANDSAT image to obtain a Land Use map and Cover management C - factor values.
The soil conservation practice P - factor and the soil erosive K - factor, were obtained from recommended values by others authors according to land use and soil properties. On the other hand, the LS factor was obtained using two methods: the traditional Wischmeir and Smith (1965) method and the Hamilton and Hickey (2001) method.
The results obtained allow estimating the soil loss (Mg ha-1 per year) in a raster format, where the areas with the highest soil loss rates were identified.
Referencias
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