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Capacidad de remoción de nutrientes en aguas residuales por porcinaza por Cyanobacterias Colombianas de alta montaña
Removal capacity of nutrients in wastewater from pig farm by high mountain Colombian Cyanobacteria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v26n1.109101Palabras clave:
aguas residuales, biorremediación, Parachlorelle kessleri, porcinaza, Synechoccocales (es)Wastewater, bioremediation, Parachlorelle kessleri, piggery manure, Synechoccocales (en)
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El uso de microalgas se ha planteado como alternativas prometedoras para el tratamiento de aguas residuales a bajos costos, sumado a la producción de oxígeno y reducción de la huella de carbono se pueden obtener productos de valor agregado en el proceso proveniente de las algas. Se pretende evaluar la remoción de nitratos, fosfatos y materia orgánica disuelta en agua residual sintética por primera vez con cianobacterias de alta montaña de Colombia. Se determinó la capacidad de remoción a nivel de laboratorio con aguas residuales sintéticas y a escala reactor con aguas residuales de porcinaza. Las cianobacterias colombianas dulceacuícolas que se utilizaron corresponden al orden de la Synechoccocales y fueron depositadas en la colección del laboratorio de cultivo de algas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia bajo los códigos LAUN55, LAUN69 y LAUN71. Se comparó la capacidad de biorremediación de las cianobacterias con los tratamientos tradicionales de las microalgas Parachlorelle kessleri y Desmodesmus sp., obteniendo, a nivel laboratorio, rendimientos en remoción de materia orgánica de 85,4% por LAUN71 alcanzando una DBO final de 15,4 mgO2/L-1, mientras que en el tratamiento con Parachlorelle kessleri se alcanzan porcentajes de remoción de 35,2% y una mayor demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (121,1 mgO2/L-1), así mismo reducciones entre 77% y 89% en ion nitrato y reducción entre 86% y 98% en iones fosfato para las cepas de cianobacterias. A escala reactor de 20 L con aguas residuales de porcinaza, Parachlorelle kessleri presentó remoción del 76%, 75%, 75% y 94% para los parámetros de nitratos, fosfatos, DQO y DBO respectivamente, rendimientos significativamente mayores a LAUN71.
The use of microalgae has been raised as promising alternatives for the treatment of wastewater at low costs, added to the production of oxygen and reduction of the carbon footprint, value-added products can be obtained in the process from algae. It was evaluated the removal of nitrates, phosphates and dissolved organic matter in synthetic and pigsty wastewater for the first time with high mountain cyanobacteria from Colombia. The removal capacity was determined at the laboratory level with synthetic wastewater and at the reactor scale with wastewater from pig farm. The Colombian freshwater cyanobacteria that were used correspond to the order Synechoccocales and were deposited in the collection of the algae culture laboratory of the National University of Colombia under the codes LAUN55, LAUN69 and LAUN71. The bioremediation capacity of the cyanobacteria was compared with the traditional treatments of the microalgae Parachlorelle kessleri and Desmodesmus armatus, obtaining at the laboratory level organic matter removal yields of 85.4% by LAUN71, reaching a final BOD of 15,4 mgO2/L-1, while in the treatment with Parachlorelle kessleri removal percentages of 35.2% and a greater biochemical oxygen demand (121.1 mgO2/L-1) are reached. Reductions between 77% and 89% in ion nitrate and 86% and 98% in phosphate ions for the cyanobacterial strains was obtained. At a 20 L reactor scale with wastewater from pig farm, Parachlorelle kessleri presented removal of 76%, 75%, 75% and 94% for the parameters of nitrates, phosphates, COD and BOD respectively, significantly higher yields than LAUN71.
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