Publicado

2014-07-01

Diversidad y estructura genética de accesiones de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineesis Jacq.) provenientes de Camerún

Diversity and genetic structure of oil palm accession (Elaeis guineesis Jacq.) from Cameroon

Palabras clave:

Elaeis guineensis Jacq, marcadores microsatélite, alelos, flujo genético (es)
Elaeis guineensis Jacq, microsatellite markers, alleles, gene flow (en)

Autores/as

  • Estiben Pacheco Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
  • Diana Arias Corporación Centro de Investigación en Palma de Aceite - Cenipalma
  • Zaida Ojeda Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia - Sede Tunja
  • Hernán Romero Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
La palma de aceite Elaeis guineesis Jacq. posee gran importancia debido al aceite que se extrae de sus frutos, del cual se obtienen derivados refinados de gran valor comercial como el biodiesel, entre otros. Esta investigación buscó determinar la estructura y diversidad genética de 311 muestras de palma de aceite proveniente de la República de Camerún mediante 10 marcadores microsatélite. Los resultados mostraron valores promedio para el número medio de alelos por locus de Na=8.433 y un número efectivo de alelos por locus de Ne=4.756; las diferencias entre estos valores permiten inferir que los 106 alelos encontrados para estas poblaciones son considerados alelos raros. Adicionalmente, el valor de diversidad genética fue alto (valor medio de He= 0.781) respecto a reportes de varios autores. La varianza molecular obtenida evidenció que el mayor porcentaje (80 %) se encuentra dentro de los individuos. Los análisis mostraron que no se definió ningún tipo de estructura poblacional, lo que permitió inferir un alto flujo genético entre las zonas geográficas, esto corroborado por los altos valores de diversidad genética obtenidos. Los 311 genotipos evaluados fueron definidos como una población natural heterogénea heterocigota, apta para favorecer el aumento de la base genética de las poblaciones cultivadas de palma de aceite.
Oil palm Elaeis guineesis Jacq. is of great importance because of the oil extracted from its fruits, whose refined derivatives are commercially valuable as biodiesel, among others uses. This study sought to determine the structure and genetic diversity of 311 oil palm samples from the Republic of Cameroon with 10 microsatellite markers. The results showed values for the average number of alleles per locus of Na= 8.433 and effective number of alleles per locus of Ne= 4.756; from the differences between these values, it can be inferred that the 106 alleles found for these populations could be considered rare alleles. Additionally the value of genetic diversity was high (mean value of He= 0.781) compared to reports of several authors. The obtained molecular variance showed that the highest percentage (80 %) was found within the individuals. The analysis did not show any defined population structure, which allowed us to infer a high gene flow among the geographic zones, corroborated it by the high genetic diversity values obtained. The 311 genotypes were defined as a heterogeneous heterozygous natural population suitable to increase the genetic base of oil palm cultivated populations.

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