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Biological activity of biomass, phycocyanin and exopolysaccharides from a native strain of Spirulina subsalsa, grown in low cost saline medium
Actividad biológica de biomasa, ficocianina y exopolisacáridos de una cepa nativa de Spirulina subsalsa, cultivada en un medio salino de bajo costo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v26n2.111349Keywords:
Spirulina subsalsa, antimicrobial activity, citotoxicity (en)Spirulina subsalsa, actividad antimicrobial, citotoxicidad (es)
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To evaluate the biological activity of biomass, phycocyanin extracts, and exopolysaccharides from S. subsalsa, axenic cultures were conducted at 9 ‰ salinity by adding seawater and using a low-cost saline medium: [N]=14 mM. The cultivation was performed in an external environment and was manually stirred. The cyanobacteria were centrifuged when they reached the exponential and stationary growth phases. The filtrate was used to obtain the exopolysaccharides by acetone precipitation, and the biomass was used to obtain the extracts in the different solvents. Phycocyanin was extracted in water. The activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus, using the agar diffusion technique was evaluated. The results showed that only the ethanolic biomass extracts, harvested in stationary phase, had mild to moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The antifungal effect of the extracts was also evaluated. The aqueous extracts (exopolysaccharides and phycobiliproteins) and ethanolic, chloroformic and hexane extracts of S. subsalsa, did not inhibit the growth of Rhizopus orizae and Aspergillus niger. The toxicity of the extracts was tested using the crustaceans Artemia franciscana and Daphnia magna. The extracts of exopolysaccharides and biomass were found to be innocuous, but the aqueous extracts of phycocyanin showed significant cytotoxic activity against A. franciscana (LC50 exponential phase= 1.69 μg mL-1; LC50 stationary phase= 2.59 μg mL-1). The results suggest that the native strain of S. subsalsa, cultivated in a seawater enriched medium and in a low-cost saline medium has potential to produce bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties.
Con el objetivo de evaluar la actividad biológica de la biomasa, extractos de ficocianina y exopolisacáridos de S. subsalsa, se realizaron cultivos axénicos a 9 ‰ de salinidad mediante la adición de agua de mar y en un medio salino de bajo costo: [N]=14 mM. El cultivo se realizó en ambiente externo (agitación manual). Los cultivos fueron centrifugados cuando alcanzaron las fases de crecimiento exponencial y estacionario. El filtrado se utilizó para obtener los exopolisacáridos por precipitación con acetona, y la biomasa se utilizó para obtener los extractos en diferentes solventes. La ficocianina se extrajo en agua. Se evaluó la actividad frente a Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus y Staphylococcus aureus, mediante la técnica de difusión en agar. Los resultados mostraron que sólo los extractos etanólicos de biomasa, cosechados en fase estacionaria, tuvieron actividad antibacteriana leve a moderada contra Bacillus cereus y Staphylococcus aureus. También se evaluó el efecto antifúngico de los extractos. Los extractos acuosos (exopolisacáridos y ficobiliproteínas) y los extractos etanólico, clorofórmico y hexánico de S. subsalsa, no inhibieron el crecimiento de Rhizopus orizae y Aspergillus niger. La toxicidad de los extractos se probó utilizando los crustáceos Artemia franciscana y Daphnia magna. Los extractos de exopolisacáridos y biomasa resultaron ser inocuos, pero los extractos acuosos de ficocianina mostraron actividad citotóxica significativa contra A. franciscana (CL50 fase exponencial = 1,69 μg mL-1; CL50 fase estacionaria = 2,59 μg mL-1). Los resultados sugieren que la cepa nativa S. subsalsa, cultivada en medio enriquecido con agua de mar y en un medio salino de bajo costo tiene potencial para producir compuestos bioactivos con propiedades antimicrobianas.
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