Agro en el siglo XXI: el rol de las plantas transgénicas en el desarrollo tecnológico del sector agrícola
Agriculture in the xxi century: transgenic plants role in agricultural sector´s technological development
Keywords:
Organismos vivos modificados genéticamente OVM, cultivos transgénicos, América Latina y el Caribe, evaluación de riesgos (es)Genetic Modified Organisms GMO, transgenic cultures, Latin America and the Caribbean, evaluation of risks (en)
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Los nuevos avances en la biotecnología, principalmente en la secuenciación del genoma de varias plantas, entre ellas la Arabidopsis thaliana, permitirán conocer la acción de todos los genes envueltos en los procesos claves del crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas, al modificar la estructura de los genes será posible regular la expresión de algunas características, como el tamaño de las hojas o la dinámica de crecimiento de las raíces y los frutos. De esta forma la comercialización de los productos de las nuevas biotecnologías incidirá en la producción, productividad y oferta agrícola de las naciones en este siglo XXI. Los desafíos y las oportunidades para los países de la América Latina y el Caribe-ALC son grandes, dada la rica base de sus recursos de flora, fauna y microorganismos, esenciales para las industrias de alimentos y farmacéutica. La comunidad internacional reconoce los beneficios de la Biotecnología, pero solicita un estudio cuidadoso sobre los potenciales efectos adversos del uso de transgénicos en: la producción agrícola, el medio ambiente, la salud humana y el comercio. Los países de ALC deberán continuar el desarrollo y el perfeccionamiento de los instrumentos regulatorios para prevenir o minimizar los posibles riesgos derivados del manejo y uso de los organismos transgénicos en su territorio, de manera que puedan aprovechar sus beneficios potenciales, garantizando el cumplimiento de las condiciones necesarias de seguridad por el uso de los mismos.
The new advances in biotechnology, especially in the completion of the Arabidopsis thaliana, genome sequence has profound implications for human health as well as plant biology and agriculture. It will permit us to know the action of all the genes involved in the key growing and development processes of plants.
Modification of the structure of genes will allow the regulation of the expression of some characteristics such as the size of the leaves or the dynamics of the roots and fruits growth. In this way, the commercialization of the products of the new biotechnologies will influence in this century´s nations, agricultural production, productivity and food supply. The challenges and opportunities for the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are enormous, due to the rich base of their flora, fauna and microorganisms resources, which are essential to the pharmaceutical and feeding industries. The international Community recognizes the benefits of Biotechnology, but it also advocate more inquiry into the impacts of advanced agricultural biotechnologies on the environment, food system, structure of agriculture, rural communities, and population health.The countries of LAC should continue the development and improvement of the regulatory framework for preventing or minimizing the possible risks of the use and management of the transgenic organisms in their territory, and therefore, be able to make use of their potential benefits, ensuring the protection of public health and the environment.
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