Convenios internacionales en acceso a recursos genéticos, principales obligaciones para Colombia
International agreements on access to genetic resources, main obligations for Colombia
Keywords:
Convenio sobre Diversidad Biológica (CDB), Decisión Andina 391, FAO, Biodiversidad, Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual (es)Agreement on Biological Diversity (ABD), Andean Decision 391, FAO, Biodiversity, Intellectual Property Rights (en)
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En los últimos veinte años los recursos genéticos han adquirido una importancia estratégica, tanto por el valor real o potencial que tengan, como por su aplicación en diversos campos como la investigación y la industria. Diversos sectores de la economía han encontrado en ellos un mecanismo de respuesta a la demanda creciente, como el agrícola y el farmacéutico. Y por otro lado se ha visto la necesidad de hacer una conservación y uso sostenible de ellos para evitar la pérdida de la biodiversidad. Otro tema se refiere a la propiedad sobre los recursos. Por ello a nivel internacional se ha iniciado una discusión bastante polémica sobre cómo debe regularse su acceso de manera que no comprometa el desarrollo y fomente la protección de la biodiversidad. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar los principales acuerdos internacionales que se han alcanzado en la materia y ofrecer un panorama claro de la discusión para facilitar la comprensión del tema y los posibles procesos de tomas de decisión que se puedan derivar del uso de los recursos genéticos.
Genetic resources have acquired, in the last 20 years, strategic significance, not only due to their real or potential value, but also to their applications in several fields, such as research and industry. Different economic sectors have found in them a mechanism to meet the increasing demand, for example, in agriculture and pharmaceutical markets. On the other hand, it has become clear that these resources need to be used in such a way that sustainability and biodiversity be preserved. Other important issues have to do with their property. A rather polemical discussion has arisen in the international level regarding regulations that govern access to these resources in order to prevent impairing development and rather further the protection of biodiversity. This article aims at showing the international agreements so far reached on this matters, offering at the same time a clear overview of this subject.
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