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Main problems in urban agriculture and leverage points to drive it towards sustainability: a review
Principales problemas de la agricultura urbana y puntos de apalancamiento para impulsarla hacia la sostenibilidad: una revisión
Principaux problèmes de l’agriculture urbaine et points de levier
Principais problemas da agricultura urbana e pontos de alavancagem
Palabras clave:
agroecology, city, complexity, urban gardens, urban problems, systems (en)agroecología, ciudad, complejidad, huertos urbanos, problemas urbanos, sistemas (es)
In order to identify the main problems of urban agriculture as well as distinguish some actions necessary to lead it towards sustainability, a bibliographic review was carried out with quantitative and qualitative methods, taking as reference the theoretical methodological framework of leverage points. The results show that the main deficiencies in urban agriculture are related to inadequate management practices, a lack of organization, and absent or inefficient public policies. On the other hand, the leverage points with the greatest potential for change would be agroecology as a management system, designing policies for access to land and sustainable financing, and promoting dissemination processes. As documented, there are important investigative advances, although isolated, in matters related to materials, practices, and processes. It is still necessary to delve into levers related to design and intentions. This bibliographic approach can be useful to reflect on and plan future interventions that seek to improve the conditions of agriculture in multiple urban contexts. Permanent dialogue and collaborative work between all the key actors in this phenomenon are crucial to strengthening its transition towards sustainability.
Con el fin de identificar los principales problemas de la agricultura urbana, así como distinguir algunas acciones necesarias para encaminarla hacia la sostenibilidad, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, tomando como referencia el marco teórico metodológico de los puntos de apalancamiento. Los resultados muestran que las principales deficiencias de la agricultura urbana están relacionadas con prácticas de gestión inadecuadas, falta de organización y políticas públicas ausentes o ineficientes. Por otro lado, los puntos de apalancamiento con mayor potencial de cambio serían la agroecología como sistema de gestión, el diseño de políticas de acceso a la tierra y al financiamiento sostenible, y la promoción de procesos de difusión. Según está documentado, existen importantes avances investigativos, aunque aislados, en cuestiones relacionadas con materiales, prácticas y procesos. Aún es necesario profundizar en palancas relacionadas con el diseño y las intenciones. Este enfoque bibliográfico puede ser útil para reflexionar y planificar futuras intervenciones que busquen mejorar las condiciones de la agricultura en múltiples contextos urbanos. El diálogo permanente y el trabajo colaborativo entre todos los actores clave de este fenómeno son cruciales para fortalecer su transición hacia la sostenibilidad.
Afin d'identifier les principaux problèmes de l'agriculture urbaine ainsi que de distinguer certaines actions nécessaires pour la conduire vers la durabilité, une revue bibliographique a été réalisée avec des méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives, en prenant comme référence le cadre méthodologique théorique des points leviers. Les résultats montrent que les principales déficiences de l’agriculture urbaine sont liées à des pratiques de gestion inadéquates, à un manque d’organisation et à des politiques publiques absentes ou inefficaces. D’un autre côté, les leviers ayant le plus grand potentiel de changement seraient l’agroécologie en tant que système de gestion, la conception de politiques d’accès à la terre et de financement durable, et la promotion de processus de diffusion. Comme cela a été documenté, d’importantes avancées en matière d’enquête, bien que isolées, ont été réalisées sur des questions liées aux matériaux, aux pratiques et aux processus. Encore faut-il se pencher sur les leviers liés au design et aux intentions.
Para identificar os principais problemas da agricultura urbana, bem como distinguir algumas ações necessárias para conduzi-la à sustentabilidade, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com métodos quantitativos e qualitativos, tomando como referência o referencial teórico metodológico dos pontos de alavancagem. Os resultados mostram que as principais deficiências da agricultura urbana estão relacionadas a práticas de gestão inadequadas, falta de organização e políticas públicas ausentes ou ineficientes. Por outro lado, os pontos de alavancagem com maior potencial de mudança seriam a agroecologia como sistema de gestão, desenhando políticas de acesso à terra e financiamento sustentável e promovendo processos de disseminação. Conforme documentado, há importantes avanços investigativos, ainda que isolados, em questões relacionadas a materiais, práticas e processos. Ainda é necessário aprofundar-se nas alavancas relacionadas ao design e às intenções. Esta abordagem bibliográfica pode ser útil para refletir e planear futuras intervenções que procurem melhorar as condições da agricultura em múltiplos contextos urbanos. O diálogo permanente e o trabalho colaborativo entre todos os principais intervenientes neste fenómeno são cruciais para fortalecer a sua transição para a sustentabilidade.
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