Publicado
Saneamiento ecológico en áreas urbanas. Enfrentando el cambio climático con soluciones basadas en la naturaleza
Ecological sanitation in urban areas. Tackling climate change with nature-based solutions
Assainissement écologique en milieu urbain. Lutter contre le changement climatique avec des solutions fondées sur la nature
Saneamento ecológico em áreas urbanas. Enfrentar as alterações climáticas com soluções baseadas na natureza
Palabras clave:
saneamiento, cambio climático, resiliencia, vulnerabilidad (es)climate change, resilience, vulnerability (en)
El saneamiento es crucial para la salud pública, el desarrollo sostenible y la adaptación al cambio climático. Sin embargo, el 46% de la población mundial carece de acceso a un saneamiento seguro. Los sistemas de saneamiento tradicionales, basados en tecnologías lineales y centralizadas, están en cuestión debido al cambio climático. La transición de modelos de saneamiento lineales/centralizados hacia modelos circulares/distribuidos se reconoce como una necesaria medida de adaptación. Este artículo se propone examinar cómo los sistemas de saneamiento ecológico y las soluciones basadas en la naturaleza (SBN) pueden contribuir en los esfuerzos de adaptación y mitigación del cambio climático. Los resultados obtenidos de esta revisión bibliográfica revelan que los sistemas de saneamiento ecológico son eficaces en la reducción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero asociadas con el tratamiento convencional. La implementación de prácticas como la separación en origen, el tratamiento descentralizado y la recuperación de nutrientes contribuyen a la reducción de la huella de carbono. Se destaca la importancia de la integración de los sistemas de saneamiento ecológico con otras SBN, como la agricultura urbana y la restauración ecológica. Esta integración promueve sinergias entre diferentes sectores y contribuye a la creación de sistemas urbanos más resilientes y adaptativos.
Sanitation is crucial for public health, sustainable development and adaptation to climate change. However, 46% of the world’s population lacks access to safe sanitation. This article examines how ecological sanitation systems and nature-based solutions (NBS) can contribute to climate change adaptation and mitiga-tion. Through a systematic review of recent literature, publi-cations on ecological sanitation, NBS and climate change were analyzed. The results reveal that ecological sanitation systems effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with conventional treatment. Practices such as separation at source, decentralized treatment and nutrient recovery contribute sig-nificantly to reducing the carbon footprint. Important synergies were identified between ecological sanitation and other NBS, such as integration with urban green infrastructure and ur-ban agriculture. These synergies improve water management, energy efficiency and food security, promoting more resilient urban systems. Future research should quantify the combined benefits of these synergies in various urban contexts and devel-op implementation strategies that consider technical, social and economic aspects, thus contributing to multiple Sustainable De-velopment Goals.
L’assainissement est crucial pour la santé publique, le dévelop-pement durable et l’adaptation au changement climatique. Ce-pendant, 46 % de la population mondiale n’a pas accès à des installations sanitaires sûres. Cet article examine comment les systèmes d’assainissement écologiques et les solutions fon-dées sur la nature (SNB) peuvent contribuer à l’adaptation et à l’atténuation du changement climatique. Grâce à une revue systématique de la littérature récente, les publications sur l’as-sainissement écologique, les NBS et le changement climatique ont été analysées. Les résultats révèlent que les systèmes d’as-sainissement écologiques réduisent efficacement les émissions de gaz à effet de serre associées au traitement conventionnel. Des pratiques telles que la séparation à la source, le traitement décentralisé et la récupération des nutriments contribuent de manière significative à réduire l’empreinte carbone. D’im-portantes synergies ont été identifiées entre l’assainissement écologique et d’autres SFN, telles que l’intégration avec les in-frastructures vertes urbaines et l’agriculture urbaine. Ces syner-gies améliorent la gestion de l’eau, l’efficacité énergétique et la sécurité alimentaire, favorisant ainsi des systèmes urbains plus résilients.
O saneamento é crucial para a saúde pública, o desenvolvimen-to sustentável e a adaptação às alterações climáticas. No entan-to, 46% da população mundial não tem acesso a saneamento seguro. Este artigo examina como os sistemas de saneamento ecológico e as soluções baseadas na natureza (SBN) podem con-tribuir para a adaptação e mitigação das alterações climáticas. Através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura recente, foram analisadas publicações sobre saneamento ecológico, SBN e al-terações climáticas. Os resultados revelam que os sistemas de saneamento ecológico reduzem eficazmente as emissões de ga-ses com efeito de estufa associadas ao tratamento convencional. Práticas como a separação na fonte, o tratamento descentraliza-do e a recuperação de nutrientes contribuem significativamen-te para a redução da pegada de carbono. Foram identificadas sinergias importantes entre o saneamento ecológico e outras SBN, como a integração com infraestruturas verdes urbanas e a agricultura urbana. Estas sinergias melhoram a gestão da água, a eficiência energética e a segurança alimentar, promovendo sistemas urbanos mais resilientes. A investigação futura deverá quantificar os benefícios combinados destas sinergias em vários contextos urbanos e desenvolver estratégias de implementação que considerem aspectos técnicos, sociais e económicos, contri-buindo assim para múltiplos Objectivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável.
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