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Medición de voltajes en distintas rocas durante ensayos de compresión uniáxica
Voltage build-up measurements over different rocks during uniaxial compression tests
Palabras clave:
Compresión uniáxica de rocas, Voltajes inducidos mecánicamente, Procesos sismogenéticos, Propiedades físicas de materiales terrestres, (es)Uniaxial Compression of rocks, Seismogenetic processes, Stress-induced voltages, Pressure-estimulated currents, Physical properties of earth materials. (en)
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La presencia de fenómenos electromagnéticos inducidos por procesos mecánicos sobre ciertos materiales ha sido ampliamente estudiada desde el descubrimiento de la Piezoelectricidad a finales del siglo XIX. En la actualidad existe una amplia gama de modelos físicos aún en debate respecto a las observaciones de estos fenómenos en rocas y otros materiales terrestres, además de persistir controversia en relación a sus posibles aplicaciones en Sismología.
En un intento por explicar la presencia de fenómenos electromagnéticos asociados a la acumulación de esfuerzos mecánicos en la corteza terrestre, los científicos han recurrido a diversos mecanismos, tales como: el Piezomagnetismo y la Piezoelectricidad; el Efecto Magneto hidrodinámico; la Triboelectricidad; el efecto Electrocinético; Microfracturamiento y el Efecto Semiconductor, debido a la migración de vacancias positivas en rocas silicatadas a través de un gradiente de esfuerzo, entre otros.
En este texto se pretende exponer brevemente el estado del arte del estudio de estos procesos, así como generar una breve discusión en cuanto al problema y finalmente mostrar el desarrollo y resultados del experimento central realizado: Pruebas de compresión uniáxica sobre rocas de litología variable y medición de voltajes inducidos entre los extremos de las mismas por la fuerza aplicada.
Se discutirán, principalmente, detalles experimentales en relación a este tipo de ensayos para poner a prueba la validez de las mediciones obtenidas y se compararán nuestros resultados con los de otros autores. Estos ensayos están ampliamente basados en experimentos previamente reportados en la literatura (Freund 2003; Takeuchi et al. 2006, etc.) y se llevaron a cabo en los Laboratorios de Ensayos Mecánicos de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en Bogotá entre los meses de Septiembre y Octubre de 2014.
The presence of mechanically-induced electromagnetic phenomena on certain materials has been widely studied since the discovery of Piezoelectricity by the 19th century, nevertheless, at present debate persists in relation to the physical mechanisms underlying this type of phenomena, especially when it comes to observations made on rocks and other earth materials. Moreover, a great deal of controversy arises when it comes to their possible seismological applications.
In the present text, we intend to show the development, results and final thoughts regarding a set of experiments of uniaxial compression and related electrical potential difference measurements over different types of rocks, which we performed on the basis of previous tests reported in the literature (Freund 2003; Takeuchi et al. 2006, etc.).
Our goal is to put this kind of experiments to the test, mostly by debating experimental details, from the internal state of the tested rocks (weathering, mineralogy, and so on) to the external sources of noise likely to affect the measurements. We will discuss and compare our results with those of other researchers. Additionally, and by way of compilation, we will mention the basics of some of the mechanisms proposed by different authors to explain the presence of electromagnetic (EM from now on) phenomena possibly associated to the natural build-up of stresses in the Earth’s crust. These include: Piezomagnetism and Piezoelectricity; Magnetohydrodynamic effect; Triboelectricity; Electrokinetic effect; Microfracturing and the sometimes referred to as Semiconductor effect, due to migration of positive charge vacancies (peroxy defects) in silicate materials under a stress gradient.
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Derechos de autor 2018 Geología Colombiana
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
