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Fármacos en el ambiente: aproximaciones para su estudio a través de una revisión de alcance
Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: A Scoping Review of Approaches to Their Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ga.v28n1.120427Palabras clave:
Medio ambiente, Medicamento, Contaminación, Higiene ambiental, Salud pública (es)Descargas
La contaminación ambiental causada por principios activos de medicamentos es una preocupación mundial que plantea riesgos para la salud pública y el ambiente. Se ha identificado la necesidad de trabajar aproximaciones que incluyan el diálogo de diversos actores sociales, teniendo en cuenta que los enfoques de gestión no cubren de manera satisfactoria las interacciones entre la sociedad y la naturaleza. Con el propósito de analizar las aproximaciones al estudio de la contaminación ambiental por medicamentos se realizó una revisión de alcance. Se emplearon diez bases de datos utilizando los términos de búsqueda: medicamento, ambiente, contaminación y salud pública. A través del análisis temático se identificaron y analizaron patrones de significado en el conjunto de publicaciones incluidas, estudiando factores manifiestos y latentes. Se empleó la extensión Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Fueron incluidas y analizadas 44 revisiones que cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Se identificaron, describieron y analizaron 13 aproximaciones al estudio de la problemática. Se discutieron las relaciones y distinciones entre las aproximaciones y se analizaron en relación con el consumo excesivo de medicamentos. Existe la necesidad de trabajo interdisciplinar para abordar este problema complejo. A través del análisis de las aproximaciones al estudio de la contaminación ambiental por medicamentos se reconoce la importancia de los enfoques actuales, así como vacíos en el conocimiento, en la integración de las distintas aproximaciones y la ausencia de aspectos sociales. Se identificaron oportunidades de investigación.
Environmental pollution caused by active pharmaceutical ingredients is a global concern that poses risks to public health and the environment. The need to develop approaches that include dialogue with various social actors has been identified, considering that management approaches do not satisfactorily address the interactions between society and nature. A scoping review was conducted to analyze approaches to the study of environmental pollution caused by medications. Ten databases were searched using the search terms: pharmaceutical, environment, pollution, and public health. Thematic analysis was used to identify and analyze patterns of meaning in the included publications, studying manifest and latent factors. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews was used. Forty-four reviews that met the eligibility criteria were included and analyzed. Thirteen approaches to the study of the problem were identified, described, and analyzed. The relationships and distinctions among the approaches were discussed, and their relation to excessive medication use was analyzed. There is a need for interdisciplinary work to address this complex problem. Through the analysis of approaches to the study of environmental contamination by medications, the importance of current approaches is recognized, as well as gaps in knowledge, in the integration of different approaches, and the absence of social aspects. Research opportunities were identified.
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