Economía Ecológica y la construcción epistemológica de una ciencia revolucionaria para la sostenibilidad y la transformación del mundo
Ecological Economics and the epistemological construction of a revolutionary science for sustainability and the transformation of the world
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ga.v21n1supl.72122Palabras clave:
Economía Ecológica, epistemología, interdisciplinariedad, transdisciplinariedad, sistema, ciencia posnormal. (es)Ecological Economics, epistemology, interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, system, post-normal science. (en)
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La Economía Ecológica surge como un nuevo campo que estudia las relaciones entre los ecosistemas y los sistemas económicos en el sentido más amplio. Para ello, busca partir de bases epistemológicas diferentes a las de la ciencia convencional determinista y, particularmente, de la Economía Neoclásica. El reto de construir una ciencia de la sostenibilidad ha llevado a la apertura de un pluralismo metodológico y a la integración de propuestas interdisciplinares, transdisciplinares, y al nacimiento de una nueva ciencia “posnormal” o “tipo 2”, en contraposición del monismo epistemológico tradicional. Sin embargo, en su evolución, la Economía Ecológica no ha logrado desmarcarse de las suposiciones epistemológicas ni de las omisiones ontológicas de la ciencia determinista y corre el riesgo de ser asimilada de nuevo como un simple soporte teórico de la Economía Ambiental, a pesar de su gran potencial revolucionario. El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica sobre las bases epistemológicas y conceptuales de la Economía Ecológica, su evolución en los últimos 30 años y sus perspectivas de futuro en el tránsito de una ciencia normal e institucionalizada hacia la construcción de nuevas formas de entender el conocimiento y las relaciones entre las sociedades humanas y los ecosistemas.
Ecological Economics emerges as a new field that addresses the relationships between ecosystems and economic systems in the broadest sense, and as such it takes distance from the epistemological bases of the conventional, determinist science, and in particular, from the Neoclassical Economics. The challenge of building a sustainability science has led to a methodological pluralism, the integration of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary proposals, and to the birth of a new “post normal” or “type-2” science as an alternative to the traditional epistemological monism. Nevertheless, in its evolution, Ecological Economics has not been able to disjoin the epistemological assumptions nor the ontological omissions of the determinist science and it is at risk of becoming a mere theoretical support to Environmental Economics, despite its revolutionary potential. This article shows the results of a bibliographic review about the epistemological and conceptual bases of Ecological Economics, its evolution in the last 30 years and its future perspectives in the transit from a normal and institutional science to the construction of new ways to understand knowledge and the relationships between human societies and ecosystems.
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