![The Zapatoca Karstic System is made up by caves of different lengths, in which we find underground rivers, endemic species and scientific information of great importance. It is our duty to conserve this wonderful underground ecosystem. Photography of the Alsacias Cave. Source: M. Caffroni](https://revistas.unal.edu.co/public/journals/23/submission_89675_71902_coverImage_en_US.jpg)
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Integration of Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Methods in the Characterization of El Nitro and Las Alsacias Caves, Zapatoca (Colombia)
Integración de métodos geológicos, mineralógicos y geoquímicos en la caracterización de las cavernas El Nitro y Las Alsacias, Zapatoca (Colombia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ga.v23n2.89675Keywords:
Geomorphology, karst, hydrogeology, petrography, cartography (en)Geomorfología, karst, hidrogeología, petrografía, cartografía (es)
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The present study integrates geological, mineralogical and geochemical methods in the characterization of the caves: El Nitro and Las Alsacias, from Zapatoca (Colombia). With lithologies dating from the Lower Cretaceous, these cavities reveal a great variety of exokarst geoforms with different types of slips present on the surface, indicating changes in past atmospheric conditions. A great variety of speleothems (endokarstic geoforms) was also found, such as columns, stalactites, stalagmites, among others, which demonstrate a change in calcite saturation in the precipitated water. The morphology of the underground water bodies found showed variations in the dynamics of the karst aquifer (piezometric level and recharge), and it was evidenced that these cavities have structural control. The information obtained in the field (speleothematic catalogs, speleometry, maps, lithostratigraphy and structural data) were validated with atmospheric data and laboratory tests. This research provides new insights into geomorphology (epigeal and hypogeal), hydrogeology and mineralogy; serving as support for future work focused on paleoclimatic reconstruction, tectonic, paleosismic and climate change studies. These cavities represent scientific laboratories of great interest to the academy, since in them phenomena such as global warming and piezometric variations related to atmospheric phenomena can be evidenced.
El presente estudio integra métodos geológicos, mineralógicos y geoquímicos en la caracterización de las cavernas: El Nitro y Las Alsacias, de Zapatoca (Colombia). Con litologías que datan del Cretácico Inferior, estas cavidades revelan una gran variedad de geoformas exokársticas con diferentes tipos de lapiaces presentes en superficie, indicando cambios en las condiciones atmosféricas pasadas. Se encontró también una gran variedad de espeleotemas (geoformas endokársticas), tales como columnas, estalactitas, estalagmitas, entre otros, que demuestran un cambio en la saturación de calcita en el agua precipitada. La morfología de los cuerpos hídricos subterráneos encontrados demostró variaciones en la dinámica del acuífero kárstico (nivel piezométrico y recarga), y se evidenció que estas cavidades presentan un control estructural. La información obtenida en campo (catálogos espeleotemáticos, espeleometría, mapas, litoestratigrafía y datos estructurales) fueron validados con datos atmosféricos y pruebas de laboratorio. Esta investigación brinda nuevos conocimientos sobre geomorfología (epigea e hipogea), hidrogeología y mineralogía; sirviendo de apoyo a futuros trabajos enfocados a la reconstrucción paleoclimática, estudios tectónicos, paleosísmicos y de cambio climático. Estas cavidades representan laboratorios científicos de gran interés para la academia pues en ellas se pueden evidenciar fenómenos como el calentamiento global y variaciones piezométricas relacionadas a fenómenos atmosféricos.
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