Publicado

2017-10-15

Experiencia y cuerpo animado en el espectro autista. Evaluando los alcances y límites del DSM-5

Experience and Animated Body in the Autistic Spectrum Evaluating the Scope and Limitations of DSM-5

Palabras clave:

cuerpo animado, desorden del espectro autista, DSM-5. (es)
animated body, autistic spectrum disorder, DSM-5 (en)

Descargas

Autores/as

  • Andrés Felipe Villamil Lozano Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Se aborda de forma crítica la exposición del desorden del espectro autista llevada a cabo en la quinta y última edición del Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), herramienta principal de muchos psiquiatras para comprender y diagnosticar cualquier psicopatología. Con este abordaje se busca evidenciar cómo, en el DSM-5 –al igual que en la interpretación inaugurada por Baron-Cohen, Leslie y Frith–, se deja de lado la experiencia y el cuerpo animado del paciente, por lo que es aconsejable un nuevo acercamiento a dicho desorden que tenga fundamentos fenomenológicos. Finalmente, se presenta el bosquejo de una fenomenología del desorden del espectro autista que reconoce la primacía del cuerpo animado en la experiencia del mundo, de sí mismo y de los otros.
This article offers a critique of the description of the autistic spectrum disorder as set forth in the fifth and most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the main tool used by many psychiatrists to understand and diagnose any psychopathology. The article seeks to show that the DSM-5, like the inter­pretations offered by Baron-Cohen, Leslie, and Frith, disregards the experience and the animated body of the patient, which makes it advisable to adopt a new approach to that disorder from a phenomenological perspective. The article concludes with a sketch of a phenomenology of the autistic spectrum disorder that recognizes the primacy of the animated body in the experience of the world, the self, and others.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

American Psychiatric Association [apa]. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM-IV-TR]. 4th ed. Washington, dc: The Association, 2000.

American Psychiatric Association [apa]. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM-5]. 5th ed. Washington, dc: New School Library, 2013.

Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., and Frith, U. “Does the Autistic Child Have a ‘Theory of Mind’?” Cognition 21.1 (1985): 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8

Colombetti, G. The Feeling Body. Affective Science Meets the Enactive Mind. Cambridge: The mit Press, 2014.

Caldwell, P. Finding You Finding Me. Philadelphia, pa: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2005.

Fink, E. Sixth Cartesian Meditation. The Idea of a Transcendental Theory of Method [1988]. Trans. Ronald Bruzina. Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995.

Frith, U., and Happé, F. “Autism: Beyond ‘Theory of Mind’.” Cognition 50 (1994): 115-132.

Frith, U., and Happé, F. “Theory of Mind and Self-Consciousness: What Is It Like to Be Autistic?” Mind and Language 14.1 (1999): 1-22.

Frith, U., Happé, F., and Siddons, F. “Autism and Theory of Mind in Everyday Life.” Social Development 3.2 (1994): 108-124.

Gallagher, S. How the Body Shapes the Mind. Oxford: Oxford Scholarship, 2006. http:// doi.org/10.1093/0199271941.001.0001

Gallagher, S., and Varga, S. “Critical Social Philosophy, Honneth and the Role of Primary Intersubjectivity.” European Journal of Social Theory 15.2 (2012): 243-260.

Gallagher, S., and Varga, S. “Conceptual Issues in Autism Spectrum Disorders.” Current Opinion in Psychiatry 28 (2015): 1-6.

Grandin, T. “Choosing the Right Job for People with Autism or Asperger’s Syndrome.” Indiana Resources Center for Autism (1999): Web. November 1999. http://www.iidc. indiana.edu/?pageId=596

Grandin, T. “Genius May Be an Abnormality: Educating Students with Asperger’s Syndrome, or High Functioning Autism.” Indiana Resources Center for Autism (2001): Web. December 2001. http://www.iidc.indiana.edu/index.php?pageId=598

Grandin, T. “Teaching Tips for Children and Adults with Autism.” Indiana Resources Center for Autism (2002): Web. December 2002. http://www.iidc.indiana.edu/ index.php?pageId=601

Hamilton, A. “Reflecting on the Mirror Neuron System Autism: A Systematic Review of Current Theories.” Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 3 (2013): 91-105.

Hobson, J., Hobson, P., Malik, S., Bargiota, K., and Caló, S. “The Relation between Social Engagement and Pretend Play in Autism.” British journal of Developmental Psychology 31 (2013): 114-127.

Hobson, P. “Emotions as Personal Relatedness.” Emotion Review 4.2 (2012): 169-175.

Hobson, P., and Bishop, M. “The Pathogenesis of Autism: Insights from Congenital Blindness.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London b: Biological Sciences 358.1430 (2003): 335-344. http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1201

Husserl, E. Cartesian Meditations. An Introduction to Phenomenology [1931]. Trans. Dorion Cairns. The Hague; Boston; London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.

Husserl, E. Ideas relativas a una fenomenología pura y una filosofía fenomenológica. Libro segundo: investigaciones fenomenológicas sobre la constitución [1952]. Trad. Antonio Zirión. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2005.

Kana, R., Libero, L., Hu, C., Deshpande, H., and Colburn, J. “Functional Brain Networks and White Matter Underlying Theory-of-Mind in Autism.” Social Cognitive and Affect Neuroscience 9 (2014): 98-105.

Leslie, A. M., and Frith, U. “Prospects for a Cognitive Neuropsychology of Autism: Hobson’s Choice.” Psychological Review 97.1 (1990): 122-131.

Mary and Max. Dir. Adam Elliot. Prod. Melanie Coombs. Melodrama Pictures, 2009. Film.

Meltzoff, A. “Imitation, Intermodal Co-Ordination and Representation in Early Infancy.” Infancy and Epistemology: An Evaluation of Piaget’s Theory. Ed. George Butterworth. Brighton: Harvester Press, 1981. 85-114.

Minkowski, E. La schizophrénie: Psychopathologie des schizoïdes et des schizophrènes [1927]. Paris: Payot, 1997.

Niño, D. Elementos de semiótica agentiva. 1ra ed. Bogotá: Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, 2015.

Premack, D., and Woodruff, G. “Does the Chimpanzee Have a Theory of Mind?” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (1978): 515-526.

Ratcliffe, M. “Phenomenology as a Form of Empathy.” An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 55.5 (2012): 473-495.

Sass, L. “Self and World in Schizophrenia: Three Classic Approaches.” Philosophy, Psychiatry & Psychology 8.4 (2001): 251-270.

Sass, L., Whiting, J., and Parnas, J. “Mind, Self and Psychopathology. Reflections on Philosophy, Theory and the Study of Mental Illness.” Theory and Psychology 10.1 (2000): 87-98.

Sheets-Johnstone, M. “Essential Clarifications of ‘Self-Affection’ and Husserl’s ‘Sphere of Ownness’: First Steps Toward a Pure Phenomenology of (Human) Nature.” Continental Philosophy Review 39 (2006): 361-391.

Sheets-Johnstone, M. “Animation: The Fundamental, Essential, and Properly Descriptive Concept.” Continental Philosophy Review 42 (2009): 375-400.

Sheets-Johnstone, M. “Why Is Movement Therapeutic?” American Journal of Dance Therapy 32 (2010): 2-15.

Sheets-Johnstone, M. The Primacy of Movement. 2nd ed. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2011.

Sheets-Johnstone, M. “Animation: Analyses, Elaborations, and Implications.” Husserl Studies 30 (2014): 247-268.

Sorensen, L. “Autism, Asperger’s and Theory of Mind: A Literature Review.” Cognition and Children’s Thinking Seminar 295.590 (2009): Web. Spring 2009. http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~biglars/Lit-Rev-Autism-ToM.pdf

Stern, D. The Interpersonal World of the Infant: A View from Psychoanalysis and Developmental Psychology. New York: Basic Books, 1985.

Tager-Flusberg, H. “Evaluating the Theory-of-Mind Hypothesis of Autism.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 19.2 (2007): 311-315.

Varga, S. “Cognition, Representations and Embodied Emotions: Investigating Cognitive Theory.” Erkenntnis 79.1 (2014): 165-190. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-013-9484-x

Williams, J., Waiter, G., Gilchrist, A., Perrett, D., Murray, A., and Whiten, A. “Neural Mechanisms of Imitation and ‘Mirror Neuron’ Functioning in Autistic Spectrum Disorder.” Neuropsychologia 44 (2006): 610-621.

Zahavi, D. “Expression and Empathy.” Folk Psychology Re-Assessed. Eds. Daniel D. Hutto and Matthew Ratcliffe. Dordrecht: Springer, 2007. 25-40. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5558-4_2

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2017 Los derechos son del autor(es), quien(es) puede re-publicar en parte o en su totalidad el documento ya publicado en la revista siempre y cuando se dé el debido reconocimiento a Ideas y Valores

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.

De acuerdo con la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-No Comercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional. Se autoriza copiar, redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato, siempre y cuando se conceda el crédito a los autores de los textos y a Ideas y Valores como fuente de publicación original. No se permite el uso comercial de copia o distribución de contenidos, así como tampoco la adaptación, derivación o transformación alguna de estos sin la autorización previa de los autores y de la dirección de Ideas y Valores. Para mayor información sobre los términos de esta licencia puede consultar: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode.