Publicado

2017-10-15

Explaining Irrational Actions

La explicación de las acciones irracionales

Palabras clave:

action, addiction, explanation, irrational (en)
acción, adicción, explicación, irracional (es)

Autores/as

  • Jesse S. Summers Duke University
We sometimes want to understand irrational action, or actions a person under­takes given that their acting that way conflicts with their beliefs, their (other) desires, or their (other) goals. What is puzzling about all explanations of such irrational ac­tions is this: if we explain the action by offering the agent’s reasons for the action, the action no longer seems irrational, but only (at most) a bad decision. If we explain the action mechanistically, without offering the agent’s reasons for it, then the ex­planation fails to explain the behavior as an action at all. I focus on cases that result from compulsion or irresistible desire, especially addiction, and show that this problem of explaining irrational actions may be insurmountable because, given the constraints on action explanations, we cannot explain irrational actions both as irrational and as actions.

Algunas veces queremos entender las acciones irracionales, o las acciones llevadas a cabo por alguien de manera tal que entran en conflicto con sus creencias, sus (otros) deseos, o sus (otros) objetivos. Lo desconcertante de las explicaciones de tales acciones irracionales es que si explicamos la acción mediante las razones que tuvo el agente para ejecutarla, la acción ya no parece ser irracional, sino a lo sumo una mala decisión. Si explicamos la acción de manera mecanicista, sin ofrecer las razones del agente para ejecutarla, entonces la explicación no logra dar cuenta del comportamiento como una acción. Este artículo se enfoca en casos que son el resultado de compulsiones o deseos irresistibles –especialmente la adicción–, y muestra que el problema de explicar las acciones irracionales puede ser infranqueable, puesto que, dadas las restricciones que caracterizan las explicaciones de las acciones, no podemos explicar las acciones irra­cionales como irracionales y como acciones al mismo tiempo.

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