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Marine litter in mangroves: composition, magnitude, and impacts
Basura marina en manglares: composición, magnitud e impactos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rbct.101510Palabras clave:
marine litter; coastal ecosystems; correlations; environmental indices; litter management (en)basura marina; ecosistemas costeros; correlaciones; índices ambientales; manejo de basura (es)
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Mangroves face a constant entry of marine litter that can alter their natural conditions to solid waste dumps, affecting the ecosystem, organisms, and humans. This work provides information on the main marine litter items and how their composition and magnitude can cause potential negative impacts. The research was carried out as follows: 1) a bibliographic review of the subject, 2) a collection of data in the field and 3) an adaptation of methodologies and international guidelines for the collection of marine litter. Analysis of information collected from environmental indices determined that: (a) the state of cleanliness and the likelihood of being affected by items considered hazardous, (b) a hierarchical and principal component grouping through the composition and magnitude of recorded marine litter, and (c) a sectoral analysis between the two environmental indices. Eleven sites of the fifteen studies evaluated, recorded high densities of marine litter with cleanliness rates between dirty and extremely dirty. These sites are mainly made up of plastic items, of which three sites registered a significant number of items considered hazardous. For this reason, a comprehensive, intelligent, and urgent management plan is required to base on strategies to reduce primary sources, through the adoption and improvement of measures such as education, good management practices, and citizen awareness. A greater number of studies is required for a clearer picture of the subject.
Los manglares se enfrentan a una constante entrada de basura marina que puede llegar a alterar sus condiciones naturales a vertederos de desechos sólidos, llegando a afectar al ecosistema, organismos y al ser humano. Este trabajo aporta información sobre los principales artículos de basura marina y cómo su composición y magnitud pueden ocasionar potenciales impactos negativos. La investigación fue realizada de la siguiente manera: 1) una revisión bibliográfica del tema, 2) una recolección de datos en campo y 3) una adaptación de metodologías y guías internacionales para la recolección de basura marina. El análisis de la información recopilada a partir de índices ambientales determinó lo siguiente: a). el estado de la limpieza y la posibilidad de verse afectados, por artículos considerados peligrosos, b) un agrupamiento jerárquico y de componentes principales a través de la composición y magnitud de la basura marina registrada y c) un análisis sectorial entre los dos índices ambientales. Once sitios, de los quince estudios evaluados, registraron altas densidades de basura marina con índices de limpieza entre sucios a extremadamente sucios. Estos sitios están conformados y agrupados principalmente por artículos de plástico, de los cuales, tres sitios registraron una importante cantidad de artículos considerados peligrosos. Por esta razón, se requiere de un plan de manejo integral, inteligente y urgente basado en estrategias para reducir las fuentes primarias, a través de la adopción y mejoramiento de medidas como la educación, las buenas prácticas de manejo y la concienciación ciudadana. Se requiere un mayor número de estudios para un panorama más claro del tema.
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