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Características de la canal y de la carne de cinco biotipos raciales de ganado ovino de diferente rango de edad y sexo sacrificados en la Región Centro de México
Carcass and meat traits from five racial biotypes livestock sheep of different age range and gender slaughtered in the Mexico Central Region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfmvz.v71n1.108744Keywords:
perímetro del tórax, perímetro de la grupa, capacidad de retención de agua, fuerza de corte, grasa intramuscular–marmoleo (es)thorax perimeter, rump perimeter, water holding capacity, shear force, intramuscular fat (en)
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Es importante evaluar las variables determinantes de las características de la canal y de la carne de ganado ovino porque están relacionadas con la aceptabilidad de la carne en el mercado. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las características de la canal y fisicoquímicas de la carne de cinco biotipos raciales: Katahdin (n=9), Dorper (n=12), Pelibuey (n=18), Blackbelly (n=14) y Suffolk (n=7) de diferente rango de edad (≤ 12 meses; n=42) y (> 13 meses; n=18), machos (n=53) y hembras (7). Los datos se analizaron por estadísticas descriptivas, modelo lineal general y correlación de Pearson. El peso de la canal caliente (PCC) fue mayor en los corderos Katahdin (23,76 kg), Dorper (24,49 kg) y Pelibuey (22,91 kg). Los machos fueron 23,08% superiores (P<0,05) en PCC que las hembras. La capacidad de retención de agua fue mayor en los ovinos de menor edad (61,59%) (P<0,05), que los de mayor edad (59%). La grasa intramuscular fue mayor en los Katahdin (4,12%) y Pelibuey (3,27%). La proteína fue mayor en los Suffolk (16,50%) y Katahdin (15,85%). El índice de compacidad de la canal tuvo una alta correlación con el peso de sacrificio (r=0,819), PCC (r=0,954), rendimiento de la canal (r=0,618), perímetro del tórax (r=0,773) y perímetro de la grupa (r=0,734). En conclusión, las características de la canal y de la carne de los biotipos raciales machos de menor edad presentaron mejores valores que los ovinos de mayor edad y hembras, y posiblemente con mayor aceptación en el mercado.
The determinant variables of the carcass and meat traits from livestock sheep are important to evaluate because they are related to the acceptability of the meat in the market. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the carcass and physicochemical meat traits from five racial biotypes; Katahdin (n=9), Dorper (n=12), Pelibuey (n=18), Blackbelly (n=14) and Suffolk (n=7) of different age range (≤ 12 months old; n=42) and (> 13 months old; n=18), males (n=53) and females (7). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, general linear model, and Pearson correlation. Hot carcass weight (HCW) was higher in Katahdin (23.76 kg), Dorper (24.49 kg), and Pelibuey (22.91 kg) lambs. Males were 23.08% higher (P<0.05) in HCW than females. The water holding capacity was higher in young sheep (61.59%) (P<0.05) than in the old sheep (59%). The intramuscular fat was higher in Katahdin (4.12%) and Pelibuey (3.27%). The protein was higher in Suffolk (16.50%) and Katahdin (15.85%). The carcass compactness index had a high correlation with slaughter weight (r=0.819), HCW (r=0.954), carcass yield (r=0.618), thorax perimeter (r=0.773) and rump perimeter (r=0.734). In conclusion, the carcass and meat traits of the young male racial biotypes presented better values than those of old and female’s sheep, and possibly with greater acceptance in the market.
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