Risk factors associated with leptospirosis in dual-purpose cattle based on the One Health approach in the department of Huila, Colombia
Factores de riesgo asociados con la leptospirosis en bovinos doble propósito basado en el enfoque Una Salud en el departamento del Huila, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfmvz.v71n3.116537Keywords:
Leptospira spp., abortion, ELISA, livestock, human health (en)Leptospira spp., aborto, ELISA, ganado, salud humana (es)
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Leptospirosis significantly impacts beef and dairy cattle production, particularly in tropical regions, although it remains a disease of global relevance. This zoonotic disease primarily causes abortions during the final third of gestation. The present study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with leptospirosis in the southern Andean region of Colombia. To this end, 360 cattle were sampled across 24 municipalities within the department of Huila. A seroprevalence of 49.2% was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). These results were subsequently correlated with various variables obtained through epidemiological surveys. The findings revealed that the primary risk factors for leptospirosis were linked to inadequate livestock management practices. These included improper methods of food storage, failure to implement quarantine protocols for infected animals, the introduction of new fattening cattle into the herd without proper precautions, infrequent weighing of animals, poor storage management of veterinary medications, lack of segregation of sick animals, insufficient estrus detection practices, inadequate hand hygiene when interacting with the herd, and the use of unclean instruments during routine procedures. Conversely, the presence of well-defined internal pathways and the separation of poultry production from cattle operations were identified as protective factors. Understanding these risk factors is critical from a One Health perspective, as it facilitates the implementation of preventive measures aimed at safeguarding both animal and human health.
La leptospirosis afecta la producción de ganado vacuno de carne y leche principalmente en regiones tropicales, aunque es una enfermedad de importancia mundial. Esta enfermedad ocasiona abortos en el último tercio de la gestación. El propósito del presente estudio es desarrollar planes de prevención de la enfermedad que se ajusten a la realidad del entorno, considerando el enfoque Una Salud. En este contexto, se seleccionaron 360 bovinos de 24 municipios del departamento del Huila. Se determinó una seroprevalencia de 49,2% para leptospirosis mediante ensayos inmunoabsorbentes ligados a enzimas (ELISA). Los resultados se correlacionaron con una serie de variables obtenidas a través de encuestas epidemiológicas. Los principales factores de riesgo están asociados a las malas prácticas de manejo del ganado, que incluyen los métodos de almacenamiento de alimentos, la aplicación de protocolos de cuarentena para animales infectados, la introducción de nuevos animales de engorde al hato, la frecuencia de pesaje en báscula, el manejo adecuado del almacenamiento de medicamentos, la segregación de animales enfermos, la detección de estros, el lavado de manos al interactuar con el hato y el uso de instrumentos limpios utilizados en los procedimientos habituales. Además, se encontraron factores protectores como tener vías internas bien definidas y mezclar la producción con aves. Comprender estos factores de riesgo es de gran utilidad desde una perspectiva de Una Salud, ya que permite la implementación de medidas para proteger tanto la salud animal como la humana.
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