Control simultáneo de helmintos y de hemoparásitos en bovinos

Cincuenta terneros Holstein de 3 a 4 meses de edad fueron utilizados para evaluar un sistema de control simultáneo de parásitos hemáticos y gastrointestinales. El experimento se efectuó en la Granja del ICA a una altitud de 1.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Tres grupos fueron utilizados en el experimento. En el Grupo I (20 terneros) los animales fueron premunizados simultáneamente con Anaplasma y Babesia. A los 8 días se trataron contra Babesia usando 4A65, a los 21 y 56 días se trataron contra Anaplasma con 356-C-61. El grupo II (20 animales) se premunizaron contra Anaplasma como en el Grupo I y se vacunaron con vacuna AGS más adyuvante contra Babesia (esta vacuna se repitió a las dos semanas). Los Grupos I y II se trataron 2 veces con Ripercol durante el experimento. El Grupo III sirvió como control (sin premunización ni vacuna). El experimento duró 8 meses y 2 veces por semana se tomó sangre para estudios sanguíneos (hematocrito, parasitemia, título de fijación del complemento) peso y examen de materia fecal.

Los grupos I y II mostraron la efectividad de la premunición y la vacunación en contraste con el Grupo III en el cual los animales mostraron síntomas clínicos de la enfermedad y muerte. Se considera de importancia el control simultáneo de estos parasitismos y se dan algunos conceptos sobre los posibles sistemas de control de ellos. 

El control de parásitos gastrointestinales y el de hemoparásitos debe ser simultáneo, masivo y de carácter regional ya que los 2 problemas se presentan en un medio ecológico semejante. Este control debe iniciarse durante los primeros 3 a 6 meses de edad de los animales.

A group of 50 male Holstein-Friesian calves, 3 to 4 months old were used to evaluate a control program for gastrointestinal and hemotropic parasites. The experiment was conducted at the ICA Experimental Station in Palmira, Cauca Valley at an elevation of 1.000 m. The animals were divided into 3 groups.
Twenty animals were premunized simultaneously against babesiosis and anaplasmosis; 8 days later they were treated against babesiosis using the compound 4A65 at a dosage of 1 mg./kg., of body weight, and 21 and 56 days after premunition they were treated intravenously with the compound 356-C-61 (5 mg./kg. IV) against anaplasmosis.
Twenty animals were premunized against anaplasmosis as it was done with the animals in Group I. Animals in this group were vaccinated with AGS plus adjuvant vaccine against babesiosis. The vaccine was repeated 14 days later. Animals in Group I and II were treated twice during the experiment with Ripercol (Tetramisol) against gastrointestinal parasites.

Ten animals were not treated and were used as controls. All three groups of calves were kept under the same environmental conditions and the same management. The experiment was carried out during a period of 8 months. Blood samples were collected to evaluate anemia and parasitemia. The antibody titer was determined by the complement fixation test. The body weights were measured and the fecal samples were examined for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. Animals in Groups I and II had a high degree of resistance to babesiosis and anaplasmosis infections as a result of effective premunition and vaccination techniques. However, the animals in the control group had clinical babesiosis and anaplasmosis and high infestation with gastrointestinal parasites.
The importance of simultaneous control of gastrointestinal and hemotropic parasites is pointed out and methods to control these parasites are given.