Establecimiento de biofloc a tres relaciones carbono/nitrógeno, tendiente a la producción de zooplancton
Establishment of biofloc at three carbon/nitrogen ratios, tending to the production of zooplankton
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfmvz.v69n3.99968Keywords:
Biofloc, sólidos, establecimiento, zooplancton, amonio (es)Biofloco, sólidos, estabelecimento, zooplâncton, amônio. (pt)
Biofloc, solids, establishment, zooplankton, ammonium. (en)
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El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer el biofloc a tres relaciones carbono/ nitrógeno (C/N): 10/1, 15/1 y 20/1, determinando la secuencia de remoción de N, el perfil de sólidos y la caracterización del zooplancton, para tal fin se dispuso de tres tanques con volumen de 7000 L, incorporando oxígeno al agua a través de un aireador tipo soplador. Se utilizó como fuente de N balanceado, fuente de carbono melaza y bicarbonato de sodio como fuente alcalinizante. Al inicio se incrementó el nitrógeno amoniacal total NAT a 2 mg/L, la alcalinidad total (AT) a 120 mg/L y se adicionó como inóculo 10 litros/tanque de agua proveniente de un estanque de cultivo, al sexto y décimo días se adicionó balanceado incrementando teóricamente el NAT en 4 mg/L y a partir del día 12 en 1 mg/L. En las tres relaciones C/N se evidenciaron procesos de nitrificación durante la estabilización del biofloc, hasta llegar en el tiempo a concentraciones no letales de amonio y nitrito para peces, menores a 1 mg/L. En cuanto a los sólidos volátiles, se encontró una mayor concentración en la relación 20/1, lo cual puede atribuirse a la mayor adición de melaza, con la consecuente producción de SSV a partir de la dominancia de comunidades heterotróficas, en los tres macrocosmos se presentaron comunidades del zooplancton, no obstante, el T2 presentaron la mayor abundancia y riqueza de organismos. Las tres relaciones C/N en biofloc establecieron condiciones de calidad de agua y alimento vivo.
The objective of this research was to establish the biofloc at three carbon/nitrogen (C/N) relationships: 10/1, 15/1 and 20/1, determining the N removal sequence, the solids profile and the characterization of the zooplankton, for this purpose three tanks with a volume of 7000 L were available, incorporating oxygen into the water through a blower-type aerator. It was used as a source of balanced N, a source of carbon molasses and sodium bicarbonate as an alkalizing source. At the beginning, the total ammoniacal nitrogen NAT was increased to 2 mg/L, the total alkalinity (AT) to 120 mg/L and 10 liters / tank of water from a culture pond was added as inoculum, on the sixth and tenth days it was he added balanced, theoretically increasing the NAT by 4 mg/L and from day 12 by 1 mg/L. In the three C / N relationships, nitrification processes were evidenced during the stabilization of the biofloc, until reaching non-lethal concentrations of ammonium and nitrite for fish, less than 1 mg/L in time. Regarding volatile solids, a higher concentration was found in the 20/1 ratio, which can be attributed to the greater addition of molasses, with the consequent production of SSV from the dominance of heterotrophic communities, in the three macrocosms there were Zooplankton communities, however, T2 presented the highest abundance and richness of organisms. The three C / N relationships in biofloc established conditions of water quality and live food.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estabelecer o biofloco em três relações C / N (10/1, 15/1 e 20/1), visando à produção de alimento vivo; Determinando a seqüência de remoção de N, o perfil de sólidos e a caracterização do zooplâncton, para tanto, foram disponibilizados três tanques com volume de 7000 L, incorporando oxigênio à água por meio de aerador tipo soprador. Foi usado como fonte de N balanceado, fonte de melaço de carbono e bicarbonato de sódio como fonte alcalinizante. No início, o NAT de nitrogênio amoniacal total foi aumentado para 2 mg / L, a alcalinidade total (AT) para 120 mg / L e 10 litros / tanque de água de um tanque de cultivo foi adicionado como inóculo, no sexto e décimo dias foi adicionado balanceado, teoricamente aumentando o NAT em 4 mg / L e a partir do dia 12 em 1 mg/L. Nas três relações C / N, processos de nitrificação foram evidenciados durante a estabilização do biofloco, até atingir concentrações não letais de amônio e nitrito para peixes, inferiores a 1 mg / L no tempo. Em relação aos sólidos voláteis, maior concentração foi encontrada na relação 20/1, o que pode ser atribuído à maior adição de melaço, com a consequente produção de SSV a partir da dominância de comunidades heterotróficas, nos três macrocosmos havia comunidades zooplanctônicas, porém , T2 apresentou a maior abundância e riqueza de organismos. As três relações C / N no biofloco estabeleceram condições de qualidade da água e alimento vivo.
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