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Asociación entre alfabetización en salud sexual y reproductiva y percepción de salud: un estudio multicéntrico
AAssociation between sexual and reproductive health literacy and health perception: a multicentric study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v27n3.112587Palabras clave:
Alfabetización en salud, percepción de salud, salud sexual y reproductiva (es)health literacy, health perception, sexual and reproductive health (en)
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Objetivos Analizar la prevalencia de niveles de alfabetización en salud sexual y reproductiva (AS-SR), diferencias y su asociación con la percepción de salud según sexo y ciencia de estudio en universitarios.
Métodos Estudio multicéntrico, transversal y analítico con 2146 estudiantes de 9 universidades chilenas. Mediante una escala original se midió el nivel de AS-SR, se calcularon estadísticos descriptivos, de diferencias, análisis factorial, fiabilidad, asociación y regresión logística. Se comparan prevalencias de niveles de AS-SR, puntajes de escala e indicadores de asociación, identificando categorías de riesgo de AS-SR limitada en la variable percepción de salud, según sexo y ciencia de estudio.
Resultados La AS-SR limitada es similar en ambos sexos, pero varía según ciencia de estudio. Existen gradientes de prevalencias entre quienes se perciben menos sanos y quienes se perciben más sanos, con incremento de la prevalencia del nivel de AS-SR alta y disminución de la baja. Hay diferencias significativas de puntajes según ciencia y en menor proporción según sexo. Existe mayor riesgo de AS-SR limitada entre quienes no estudian medicina ni ciencias de la salud y se sienten “No tan sanos como otros” (OR 1,951, IC 95% 1,380-2,757) e “Igual de sanos que otros” (OR 1,359, IC 95% 1,031-1,791). La percepción de salud según sexo no brindó datos significativos.
Conclusión Existe mayor riesgo de AS-SR limitada en estudiantes de otras ciencias de estudio y que no perciben su salud como “Más sano que otros”.
Objectives To analyze the prevalence of literacy levels in sexual and reproductive health (AS-SR), differences and their association with the perception of health according to sex and science of study in university students.
Methods Multicenter, cross-sectional and analytical study with 2146 students from 9 Chilean universities. Using an original scale, the level of AS-SR was measured, descriptive statistics, differences, factor analysis, reliability, association and logistic regression were calculated. Prevalences of AS-SR levels, scale scores, association indicators are compared, identifying risk categories of limited AS-SR in the health perception variable, according to sex and study science.
Results Limited AS-SR is similar in both sexes, but varies depending on the science of study. There are prevalence gradients between those who perceive themselves as less healthy and those who perceive themselves as healthier, with an increase in the prevalence of the high AS-SR level and a decrease in the low level. There are significant differences in scores according to science and to a lesser extent according to sex. There is a greater risk of limited AS-SR among those who do not study medicine or health sciences and feel “Not as healthy as others” (OR 1.951, 95% CI 1.380-2.757) and “Just as healthy as others” (OR 1.359, 95% CI 1.031-1.791). The perception of health according to sex did not provide significant data.
Conclusion There is a greater risk of limited AS-SR in students of other sciences of study and who do not perceive their health as “Healthier than others”.
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