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Environmental Impact on Human Health: Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease in Bogotá D.C.
Impacto ambiental en salud humana: Análisis de la carga global de enfermedad en Bogotá, D. C.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v27n2.116666Palabras clave:
Burden of disease, public health, Bogotá D.C.;, environmental impact, environmental epidemiology, respiratory and cardiovascular pathologies (en)Carga de enfermedad, salud pública, Bogotá D.C., impacto ambiental, epidemiología ambiental, patologías respiratorias y cardiovasculares (es)
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Objective The interplay between the environment and human health is an escalating global concern, particularly in densely populated urban centers like Bogota. This article delves into the global burden of diseases, focusing on how environmental factors shape the health landscape of its populace. Emphasis is placed on comprehending and addressing health hazards linked with the urban landscape and depletion of natural resources within the city.
Methods A quantitative ecological approach was employed, utilizing secondary data from sources such as SALUDATA and the National Data Archive (Archivo Nacional de Datos-ANDA) of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística-DANE). An etiological approach to epidemiological transition was adopted, and theoretical frameworks established by Murray and López were employed to gauge the burden. Analysis was conducted at the level of the city's 20 localities, considering the number of individuals attended to in healthcare institutions per locality.
Results A total of 11,220,420 individuals were identified as receiving care in the year 2022, exhibiting unequal distribution across localities. Diseases influenced by environmental factors were incorporated into the study. Metrics such as years of life lost (YLL), years of life lost due to disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were computed. Findings underscored a substantial burden affirming the influence of environmental impact.
Conclusion The study underscores the imperative of addressing environmental factors to alleviate the burden and enhance the quality of life for the population. Urgency is stressed in implementing efficacious policies and measures to mitigate adverse effects on public health. These insights bear direct implications for shaping public health policies and provide a robust foundation for future investigations into the interplay between burden and environmental determinants within the city.
Objetivo La interacción entre el medio ambiente y la salud humana es una preocupación mundial creciente, particularmente en centros urbanos densamente poblados como Bogotá. Este artículo profundiza en la carga mundial de enfermedades, centrándose en cómo los factores ambientales dan forma al panorama sanitario de su población. Se hace hincapié en la comprensión y el tratamiento de los peligros para la salud relacionados con el paisaje urbano y el agotamiento de los recursos naturales dentro de la ciudad.
Métodos Se empleó un enfoque ecológico cuantitativo, utilizando datos secundarios de fuentes como SALUDATA y el Archivo Nacional de Datos (ANDA) del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Se adoptó un enfoque etiológico de la transición epidemiológica y se emplearon los marcos teóricos establecidos por Murray y López para medir la carga. El análisis se realizó a nivel de las 20 localidades de la ciudad, considerando el número de personas atendidas en instituciones de salud por localidad.
Resultados Se identificó que un total de 11,220,420 personas recibieron atención en el año 2022, mostrando una distribución desigual entre localidades. Se incorporaron al estudio las enfermedades influenciadas por factores ambientales. Se calcularon métricas como los años de vida perdidos (AVP), los años de vida perdidos debido a una discapacidad (AVP) y los años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD). Los hallazgos subrayaron una carga sustancial que afirma la influencia del impacto ambiental.
Conclusión El estudio subraya la necesidad imperiosa de abordar los factores ambientales para aliviar la carga y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población. Se hace hincapié en la urgencia de aplicar políticas y medidas eficaces para mitigar los efectos adversos sobre la salud pública. Estos conocimientos tienen implicaciones directas para la configuración de las políticas de salud pública y proporcionan una base sólida para futuras investigaciones sobre la interacción entre la carga y los determinantes ambientales dentro de la ciudad.
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