Publicado

2025-05-01

Red zones: the true color behind the myth of blue zones geographic longevity

Zonas rojas: el verdadero color detrás del mito de la longevidad geográfica de las zonas azules

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v27n3.119673

Palabras clave:

Longevity, aging, geographic factors, diabesity, health Behavior (en)
Longevidad, envejecimiento, factores geográficos, diabesidad, comportamientos en salud (es)

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This essay critically analyzes the scientific validity of Ancel Keys' Lipid Hypothesis and the concept of Blue Zones (BZ), both widely accepted as paradigms of longevity and health. The Lipid Hypothesis, derived from the “Seven Countries Study”, linked animal-based saturated fat consumption to cardiovascular disease, fostering “lipophobia” and promoting diets rich in carbohydrates and ultra-processed vegetable oils. Paradoxically, these dietary shifts have been associated with a global rise in chronic metabolic diseases such as diabesity. Similarly, the BZ concept, popularized by Dan Buettner and National Geographic, suggested that regions like Sardinia, Okinawa, and Ikaria harbor populations with extreme longevity due to lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and community support. However, the lack of comprehensive global epidemiological studies, biased population selection, and uncontrolled confounding variables compromise these claims. Moreover, recent investigations indicate that many longevity records in BZs may result from clerical errors or fraudulent documentation, especially in regions with unreliable vital records. This paper highlights the emerging evidence that both the low-comorbidity longevity attributed to BZs and the implications of the Lipid Hypothesis are largely based on flawed data. Additionally, it highlights how the food and pharmaceutical industries have leveraged these models to promote the marketing of BZs, excessive medicalization, and high-carbohydrate diets like the Mediterranean diet, exacerbating the current pandemic of chronic diseases.

Este ensayo analiza críticamente la validez científica de la Hipótesis Lipídica de Ancel Keys y el concepto de Zonas Azules (ZA), ambos ampliamente aceptados como paradigmas de longevidad y salud. La Hipótesis Lipídica, derivada del "Estudio de los Siete Países", vinculó el consumo de grasas saturadas de origen animal con enfermedades cardiovasculares, fomentando la "lipofobia" y promoviendo dietas ricas en carbohidratos y aceites vegetales ultra-procesados. Paradójicamente, estos cambios dietarios se han asociado con un aumento global de enfermedades metabólicas crónicas como la diabesidad. De manera similar, el concepto de ZA, popularizado por Dan Buettner y National Geographic, sugirió que regiones como Cerdeña, Okinawa e Ikaria albergan poblaciones con longevidad extrema gracias a factores como la dieta, la actividad física y el apoyo comunitario. Sin embargo, la ausencia de estudios epidemiológicos globales, la selección sesgada de poblaciones y la falta de control de variables de confusión comprometen estas afirmaciones. Además, investigaciones recientes indican que muchos de los registros de longevidad en las ZA pueden deberse a errores clericales o documentación fraudulenta, especialmente en regiones con sistemas de registro poco confiables. La evidencia emergente sugiere que tanto la longevidad con baja comorbilidad atribuida a las ZA como las implicaciones de la Hipótesis Lipídica se basan en datos erróneos. Asimismo, este ensayo destaca cómo las industrias alimentaria y farmacéutica han aprovechado estos modelos para comercializar las ZA, fomentar la medicalización excesiva y promover dietas altas en carbohidratos, como la mediterránea, contribuyendo a la actual pandemia de enfermedades crónicas.

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Cómo citar

APA

Echeverry Raad, J. & Sturmberg, J. P. (2025). Red zones: the true color behind the myth of blue zones geographic longevity. Revista de Salud Pública, 27(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v27n3.119673

ACM

[1]
Echeverry Raad, J. y Sturmberg, J.P. 2025. Red zones: the true color behind the myth of blue zones geographic longevity. Revista de Salud Pública. 27, 3 (may 2025), 1–7. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v27n3.119673.

ACS

(1)
Echeverry Raad, J.; Sturmberg, J. P. Red zones: the true color behind the myth of blue zones geographic longevity. Rev. salud pública 2025, 27, 1-7.

ABNT

ECHEVERRY RAAD, J.; STURMBERG, J. P. Red zones: the true color behind the myth of blue zones geographic longevity. Revista de Salud Pública, [S. l.], v. 27, n. 3, p. 1–7, 2025. DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v27n3.119673. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revsaludpublica/article/view/119673. Acesso em: 28 dic. 2025.

Chicago

Echeverry Raad, Jairo, y Joachim P. Sturmberg. 2025. «Red zones: the true color behind the myth of blue zones geographic longevity». Revista De Salud Pública 27 (3):1-7. https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v27n3.119673.

Harvard

Echeverry Raad, J. y Sturmberg, J. P. (2025) «Red zones: the true color behind the myth of blue zones geographic longevity», Revista de Salud Pública, 27(3), pp. 1–7. doi: 10.15446/rsap.v27n3.119673.

IEEE

[1]
J. Echeverry Raad y J. P. Sturmberg, «Red zones: the true color behind the myth of blue zones geographic longevity», Rev. salud pública, vol. 27, n.º 3, pp. 1–7, may 2025.

MLA

Echeverry Raad, J., y J. P. Sturmberg. «Red zones: the true color behind the myth of blue zones geographic longevity». Revista de Salud Pública, vol. 27, n.º 3, mayo de 2025, pp. 1-7, doi:10.15446/rsap.v27n3.119673.

Turabian

Echeverry Raad, Jairo, y Joachim P. Sturmberg. «Red zones: the true color behind the myth of blue zones geographic longevity». Revista de Salud Pública 27, no. 3 (mayo 1, 2025): 1–7. Accedido diciembre 28, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revsaludpublica/article/view/119673.

Vancouver

1.
Echeverry Raad J, Sturmberg JP. Red zones: the true color behind the myth of blue zones geographic longevity. Rev. salud pública [Internet]. 1 de mayo de 2025 [citado 28 de diciembre de 2025];27(3):1-7. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revsaludpublica/article/view/119673

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