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Prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in newborns in a hospital from a developing country
Prevalencia de hipoacusia neurosensorial del recién nacido: hospital en un país en vía de desarrollo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v21n1.68395Palabras clave:
Hearing loss, newborn, mass screening, hearing tests (en)Pérdida auditiva, recién nacido, tamizaje masivo, pruebas auditivas (es)
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Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nonsyndromic congenital sensorineural hearing loss at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia, and to describe the risk factors associated with this condition.
Materials and Methods A prospective, observational cross-sectional study with bivariate analysis was conducted. A three-phase process using the Otoacoustic Emissions test screened all live newborns between June 2013 and June 2014. Negative cases were confirmed by Automated Auditory Brainstem Response test.
Results A total of 962 newborns were screened with Otoacoustic Emissions test bilaterally: 401 males (46.36%), 464 females (53.64%). The mean weight was 2 798.10 g (95%CI: 2 766.51 - 2 839.76). The mean height was 48.60 cm (95%CI: 48.38 - 48.79). The mean age was 16.24 days (95%CI: 15.47 - 17.01). The mean maternal age was 27.37 years (95%CI: 26.76 - 27.98). There was a family history of hearing loss in 9.48% of the cases (n=90), and a family history of genetic diseases in 100 cases (10.56%). There were 14 cases of TORCH infections (1.45%), 375 admissions to the NICU (39.06%), 160 cases of neonatal jaundice (20.1%), and 79 cases of postpartum infections (8.21%). One live newborn presented with microtia.
Conclusions The prevalence of congenital sensorineural hearing loss was 0.31% in both ears, and 0.11% in one ear. Currently, Colombia lacks a public universal newborn hearing screening program, and its future implementation faces great challenges.
Objetivos Este estudio busca determinar la prevalencia de la hipoacusia neurosensorial congénita no sindrómica en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá, Colombia, y describir sus factores de riesgo.
Materiales y Métodos Estudio observacional, transversal y prospectivo con análisis bivariado. Todos los nacidos vivos entre junio de 2013 y junio de 2014 fueron tamizados con Emisiones Otoacusticas. Los casos negativos fueron confirmados con Potenciales Evocados Auditivos de Tronco Cerebral.
Resultados Un total de 962 neonatos fueron tamizados de forma bilateral con Emisiones Otoacústicas: 401 de sexo masculino (46,36%) y 464 de sexo femenino (53,64%). El peso promedio fue de 2 798,10 g (IC95%: 2 766,51 – 2 839,76). La talla promedio fue de 48.60 cm (IC95%: 48,38 - 48,79). La edad promedio fue de 16,24 días (IC95%: 15,47 - 17,01). La edad materna promedio fue de 27,37 años (IC95%: 26,76 - 27,98). Se encontró historia familiar de hipoacusia en 9.48% de los casos (n=90) e historia familiar de enfermedades genéticas en 100 casos (10,56%). Hubo 14 casos de infecciones por TORCH (1,45%), 375 admisiones a la UCI Neonatal (39,06%), 160 casos de ictericia neonatal (20,1%) y 79 casos de infecciones postnatales (8,21%). Un nacido vivo presentó microtia.
Conclusiones Se encontró una prevalencia de hipoacusia neurosensorial congénita del 0,31% en ambos oídos y de 0,11% en un oído. Actualmente Colombia carece de un programa nacional de tamización de hipoacusia neonatal, y su futura implementación conlleva grandes retos.
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CrossRef Cited-by
1. Juan Sebastián Botero-Meneses, Maria Daniela Olaya-Galindo, Irma Carvajalino-Monje, Claudia Talero-Gutiérrez. (2025). X-Linked Deafness Type 2 and Poor Response to Cochlear Implantation: A Case Report. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 10(2), p.524. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_PERSP-24-00123.
2. Keerthana Rajanbabu, Deepashree Joshi B, Vidya Ramkumar, Hannah Kuper, Ramya Vaidyanath. (2024). Early Hearing Detection and Intervention programmes for neonates, infants and children in non-Asian low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 8(1), p.e002794. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002794.
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