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Evaluación de la exposición de ciclistas a la contaminación del aire: una revisión de la literatura
Evaluation of cyclists exposure to air pollution: a literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v20n6.72744Palabras clave:
Contaminación del aire, ciclismo, exposición a riesgos ambientales, contaminantes ambientales, exposición por inhalación, transportes, salud pública, toxicología (es)Air pollution, bicycling, environmental exposurev environmental health, inhalation exposure, environmental pollutants, transportation, public health, toxicology (en)
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Objetivos Describir e interpretar las metodologías y resultados de los principales estudios relacionados con el monitoreo de contaminación atmosférica en ciclistas.
Métodos Se buscaron y analizaron las investigaciones a nivel nacional e internacional de los últimos diez años en las bases de datos Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct y Pubmed. La búsqueda se realizó de Agosto a Septiembre del año 2017 usando los siguientes descriptores de búsqueda para MeSH: air pollution, bicycling, environmental exposure, enviromental health, inhalation exposure, environmental pollutants, transportation, public health y toxicology, y para DeCS: contaminación del aire, ciclismo, exposición a riesgos ambientales, contaminantes ambientales, inhalación, transportes, salud pública y toxicología.
Resultados Se identificaron diecinueve artículos publicados elegibles. La mayoría de los estudios se realizaron en Europa y Estados Unidos. En Latinoamérica se han reportado cuatro estudios. Otros estudios buscaban comparar la exposición en distintas rutas en bicicleta, comparar trayectos de una misma ruta, y otros determinar la relación distancia vs exposición. De igual manera, variables como el tráfico vehicular, la distancia a las fuentes de emisión y el tipo de ciclorruta, juegan un papel fundamental en la exposición a contaminantes en ciclistas.
Conclusiones Se encontraron diversas variables que influyen de forma directa o indirectamente en la exposición a la contaminación del aire de los usuarios de bicicleta, así como algunos factores que pueden reducir la exposición a estos contaminantes.
Objectives To describe and interpret the methodologies and results of the main studies related to the monitoring of exposure of cyclists to air pollution.
Methods Research and analysis of national and international research of the last ten years in the Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct and Pubmed databases. The search was conducted in August and September 2017 using the following search descriptors for MeSH: air pollution, bicycle riding, environmental exposure, environmental health, exposure by inhalation, environmental pollutants, transportation, public health and toxicology. For DeCS: air Pollution, cycling, exposure to environmental risks, environmental pollutants, inhalation, transportation, public health and toxicology.
Results Nineteen eligible published articles were identified. Most studies were conducted in Europe and the United States. Four studies have been reported in South America. Other studies seek comparisons on different bicycle routes, compare exposure during variations of the same route, and others determine the distance-exposure relationship. In the same way, variables such as vehicular traffic, distance to the emission sources and the type of bike path, play a fundamental role in the exposure to pollutants in cyclists.
Conclusions Several variables were found that influence, directly or indirectly, the cyclists exposure to air pollution, as well as some factors that can reduce this exposure.
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