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Cambios en prevalencias de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de sexualidad en adolescentes escolarizados, Bogotá, 2011-2015
Changes in prevalence of knowledge, attitudes and practices of sexuality in teenage students, Bogotá, 2011-2015
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v21n2.73371Palabras clave:
Adolescente, educación sexual, conocimiento, actitud, conducta del adolescente (es)Adolescent, sex education, knowledge, attitude, adolescent behavior (en)
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Objetivo Presentar los cambios en las prevalencias de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en adolescentes escolarizados en torno a sexualidad luego de un proceso de intervención.
Metodología Estudio descriptivo observacional. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 319 adolescentes, pertenecientes a tres colegios públicos, durante cinco años consecutivos a medida que avanzaban en los grados escolares (séptimo a undécimo). Se realizaron talleres de promoción de la salud. Se midieron los cambios de prevalencias de identificación del ciclo menstrual, de la anticoncepción de emergencia y de la protección del condón, así como de la aceptación de los padres a la planificación, de haber tenido relaciones sexuales, razones para hacerlo y si usó protección en la primera y última relación. Se compararon los resultados por género.
Resultados La identificación de la anticoncepción de emergencia se incrementó del 52% en séptimo al 70% en undécimo; igualmente la certeza de protección del condón (del 45% al 62%, respectivamente). El promedio de la prevalencia de relaciones sexuales fue del 24%, el de protección en la primera relación fue del 52% y, en la última, el 81%; no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas de estas variables al compararlas por género. La percepción de la aceptación de la planificación por parte de los padres se incrementó del 45% al 79%.
Conclusión El programa puso en evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer el proceso educativo a través de las prevalencias encontradas.
Objective To present the changes in the prevalence of knowledge, attitudes and practices in high school adolescents in sexuality after an intervention process.
Methodology Observational descriptive study. It was administered a questionnaire to 319 adolescents, attending three public schools, for five consecutive years as they progressed in school years (seventh to eleventh). Health promotion workshops were held. Changes in the prevalence were measured (identification of the menstrual cycle, emergency contraception and, condom protection, as well as parents' acceptance of contraception methods, having sex, reasons for do it and, whether they used protection in the first and last relationship). The results were compared by gender.
Results The identification of emergency contraception was increased from 52% in seventh to 70% in eleven; also, the certainty of the condom protection (from 45% to 62%, respectively). The average of the prevalence of sexual intercourse was 24%, protection in the first relationship 52% and, in the last one was 81%; no statistical differences of these variables were found when comparing them by gender. Parents' perception of acceptance of planning increased from 45% to 79%.
Conclusion The program results highlighted the need to, strengthen the educational processes.
Metodologia: Estudo descritivo observacional. Um questionário foi aplicado a uma média de 319 adolescentes, pertencentes a três escolas públicas, durante cinco anos consecutivos, à medida que progrediam nas séries escolares (sétima a décima primeira). Oficinas de promoção da saúde foram realizadas. Nós medimos as mudanças na prevalência de identificação do ciclo menstrual, contracepção de emergência e proteção do preservativo, bem como a aceitação dos pais de planejamento, sexo, razões para fazê-lo e se eles usaram proteção em o primeiro e último relacionamento. Os resultados foram comparados por sexo.
Resultados: A identificação da contracepção de emergência foi aumentada de 52% em sétimo para 70% em décimo primeiro; também a certeza da proteção do preservativo (de 45% para 62%, respectivamente). A média da prevalência de relações sexuais foi de 24%, a de proteção na primeira relação foi de 52% e, na última, de 81%; nenhuma diferença estatística dessas variáveis foi encontrada quando comparadas por gênero.A percepção dos pais sobre a aceitação do planejamento aumentou de 45% para 79%.
Conclusão: O programa destacou a necessidade de fortalecer o processo educativo por meio das prevalências encontradas
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1. Sara Emilia Remuzgo-Huamán, Alessandra Nikole Palomino-Remuzgo. (2024). Construcción de un plan de cultura sexual para escolares peruanos. Revista de la Universidad del Zulia, 15(43), p.259. https://doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.43.16.
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