¿Son las mascotas, perro o gato, un factor de riesgo o protector para el desarrollo o exacerbación del asma? Revisión sistemática de revisiones sistemáticas
Are pets, dog or cat, a risk or a protector factor for the development or exacerbation of asthma? Systematic review of systematic reviews
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v22n1.81323Palabras clave:
Mascotas , asma , recurrencia, signos y síntomas, revisión sistemática (es)Pets , asthma , recurrence , signs and symptoms, systematic review (en)
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Antecedentes Estudios previos han mostrado resultados contradictorios de la asociación entre la exposición a mascotas (gato o perro) y asma. La evidencia científica previa no ha sido clara en definir si evitar o permitir la exposición puede prevenir, mejorar o empeorar el desarrollo del asma o de sus síntomas.
Objetivo Intentar dilucidar la relación controversial que existe entre la exposición a las mascotas, perro o gato, y su efecto en el desarrollo del asma, o la exacerbación de sus síntomas, tanto en niños como en adultos.
Metodo Se realizó una búsqueda estandarizada en cinco bases de datos electrónicas por parte de un evaluador independiente. La muestra final de estudios incluidos en la revisión sistemática de revisiones sistemáticas fue tamizada y sintetizada mediante una tabla maestra. Se realizó una descripción narrativa de los resultados.
Resultados En esta revisión sistemática de revisiones sistemáticas se encontró principalmente que tener gato podría ser un factor de riesgo y tener perro un factor protector para el desarrollo del asma. No obstante, la exposición temprana a cualquiera de las dos mascotas (antes de cumplir 2 años) disminuye la probabilidad de desarrollar síntomas de asma y sibilancias en la edad escolar. Además, tener un antecedente de sensibilización a los alergenos de dichas mascotas puede convertirse en un factor de riesgo para la exacerbación del asma, tanto en niños como en adultos.
Background Preliminary studies have shown conflicting results on the association between exposure to pets (cat or dog) and asthma. Previous scientific evidence has not been clear to determine if avoiding or allowing the exposure to pets could prevent, improve, or worsen the development of asthma and its symptoms.
Objective To try to explain the controversial relationship between exposure to pets (dog or cat) and its effect on the development of asthma or the exacerbation of symptoms in both children and adults.
Methods A standardized search in five electronic databases by an independent reviewer was carried out. The final sample of studies included in the overview of systematic reviews was screened and synthesized through a master table. A narrative description of the results was made.
Results This systematic review of systematic found principally that having a cat could be a risk factor and having a dog a protective factor in the development of asthma. However, early exposure to both cats and dogs (before the age of two) reduces the probability of asthma symptoms and wheezing in the school years. Additionally, having antecedents of sensibilization to pets allergen could be a risk factor to exacerbate asthma in both children and adults.
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