Correo Electrónico
DNINFOA - SIA
Bibliotecas
Convocatorias
Identidad U.N.
Publicado
Prevalence of depression in older adults living in Ecuador and contributing factors: a population-based study
Prevalencia de depresión en adultos mayores residentes en Ecuador y factores contribuyentes: un estudio poblacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v23n2.85965Palabras clave:
depressive disorder, Ecuador (en)Ecuador (es)
Descargas
Objective To estimate the prevalence of depression in the older population of Ecuador and explore the independent associations of key socio-demographic and health-related factors with moderate/severe depression.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a national database. The outcome variable was estimated using the Short Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale. A cut-value of >9 was used to ascertain the outcome variable. We conducted bivariate and logistic regression analysis.
Results The study sample consisted of 5 235 subjects, with a median age of 70 years, 53.5% were female, and 44.9% of the sample was living in rural areas. Our study found a prevalence of any depression of 35.4%. Individuals were classified as having mild depression (1 239, 23.7%), moderate depression (457, 8.7%), and severe depression (156, ~3%). The prevalence of moderate/severe depression was of 11.7%. Among socio-demographic factors, no education (OR=3.69 [95% CI: 1.35-11.94]), Afro-Ecuadorian race (OR= 2.1 [1.03-4.06]), living alone (OR=2.37 [1.67-3.31]), perception of insufficient income (OR= 3.56 [2.14-6.38]), and suffering physical abuse (OR=2.33 [1.59-3.36]) remained statistically significant. Among health-related factors, drinking alcohol (OR=0.27 [0.08-0.66]), exercise (OR=1.68 [1.24-2.31]), incontinence (OR=2.00 [1.54-2.59]), lower perception of hearing (OR=2.19 [1.41-3.32]), cancer (OR=1.90 [1.00-3.51]), and being functionally dependent (OR=1.59 [1.22-2.08]) remained statistically significant.
Conclusions Our investigation brings light to an important public health problem in Ecuador. Addressing depression and its contributing factors may help to improve the quality of life and long-term health outcomes in Ecuador’s growing older population.
Objetivo Estimar la prevalencia de depresión en la población adulta mayor de Ecuador y explorar la asociación de factores sociodemográficos y de salud claves con depresión moderada o severa.
Métodos Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal utilizando una base de datos nacional. La variable dependiente fue estimada por medio del formulario corto de la Geriatric Depression Scale. Se usó un valor de corte > 9 para definir la variable de desenlace. Se realizó un análisis bivariado y de regresión logística.
Resultados La muestra del estudio fue de 5 235 sujetos, con una mediana de edad de 70 años, 53,5% fueron mujeres y 44,9% de la muestra reside en áreas rurales. Nuestro estudio estimó una prevalencia global de depresión de 35,4%. Individuos fueron clasificados como depresión leve (1 239, 23,7%), moderada (457, 8,7%), severa (156, ~3%), y moderada/severa (11,7%). Entre los factores sociodemográficos, falta de educación (OR=3,69 [95% CI: 1,35-11,94]), raza afroecuatoriana (OR=2,1 [1,03-4,06]), vivir solo (OR=2,37 [1,67-3,31]), falta de ingresos (OR=3,56 [2,14-6,38]) y abuso físico (OR=2,33 [1,59-3,36]) permanecieron estadísticamente significativos. Entre los factores de salud, consumo de alcohol (OR=0,27 [0.08-0.66]), ejercicio (OR=1,68 [1,24 2,31]), incontinencia (OR=2,00 [1,54-2,59]), audición disminuida (OR=2,19 [1,41-3,32]), cáncer (OR=1,90 [1,00-3,51]) y dependencia funcional (OR=1,59 [1,22-2,08]) permanecieron estadísticamente significativos.
Conclusión Nuestra investigación trae luz a un importante problema de salud pública en el Ecuador. Abordar la depresión y sus factores de riesgo podrían ayudar a mejorar la calidad de vida y los desenlaces de salud a largo plazo en la creciente
población adulta mayor del Ecuador.
Referencias
GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017; 390(10100):1211-59. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2.
Patel V, Araya R, Chatterjee S, Chisholm D, Cohen A, De Silva M, et al. Treatment and prevention of mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2007; 370(9591):991-1005. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61240-9.
Yang L, Korhonen K, Moustgaard H, Silventoinen K, Martikainen P. Pre-existing depression predicts survival in cardiovascular disease and cancer. J Epidemiol Community Health 2018; 72(7):617-22. DOI:10.1136/jech-2017-210206.
Araya R, Gaete J, Rojas G, Fritsch R, Lewis G. Smoking and common mental disorders: a population-based survey in Santiago, Chile. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2007; 42(11):874-80. DOI:10.1007/s00127-007-0238-4.
Menezess PR, Araya R, Miranda J, Mohr DC, Le Shanundra N. The Latin American treatment and innovation network in mental health h (LATINMH): rationale and scope. Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba 2015 [cited 2020 Jan 19]; 72(4):321-30. Available from: https://bityl.co/7Mlj.
Girgus J, Yang K, Ferri C. The Gender Difference in Depression: Are Elderly Women at Greater Risk for Depression Than Elderly Men? Geriatrics. 2017; 2(4):35. DOI:10.3390/geriatrics2040035.
Alvarado BE, Zunzunegui MV, Beland F, Sicotte M, Tellechea L. Social and gender inequalities in depressive symptoms among urban older adults of latin america and the Caribbean. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2007; 62(4):S226-36. DOI:10.1093/geronb/62.4.S226.
Payne CF. Aging in the Americas: Disability-free Life Expectancy Among Adults Aged 65 and Older in the United States, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2018; 73(2):337-348. DOI:10.1093/geronb/gbv076.
Waters WF, Gallegos CA. Aging, health, and identity in Ecuador's indigenous communities. J Cross Cult Gerontol. 2014; 29(4):371-87. DOI:10.1007/s10823-014-9243-8.
Guevara PE, Andrade FCD. Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with chronic conditions among older adults in Ecuador. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2015; 38(3):226-32.
INEC. Estadísticas [Internet]. Available from: https://bityl.co/7Mm0.
Orces CH, Lorenzo C. Prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes among older adults in Ecuador: Analysis of the SABE survey. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2018; 12(2):147-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2017.12.002
Orces CH. Prevalence and Determinants of Falls among Older Adults in Ecuador: An Analysis of the SABE I Survey. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2013; 2013:495468. DOI:10.1155/2013/495468.
Yesavage JA, Sheikh JI. 9/Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Clinical Gerontologist 1986; 5(1-2):165-73. DOI:10.1300/J018v05n01_09.
Peters R, Pinto E, Beckett N, Swift C, Potter J, McCormack T, et al. Association of depression with subsequent mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and incident dementia in people aged 80 and over and suffering from hypertension. Data from the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET). Age Ageing. 2010; 39(4):439-45. DOI:10.1093/ageing/afq042.
Ylli A, Miszkurka M, Phillips SP, Guralnik J, Deshpande N, Zunzunegui MV. Clinically relevant depression in old age: An international study with populations from Canada, Latin America and Eastern Europe. Psychiatry Res. 2016; 241:236-41. DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.096.
Vrettos I, Voukelatou P, Katsoras A, Theotoka D, Kalliakmanis A. Diseases Linked to Polypharmacy in Elderly Patients. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2017; 2017:4276047. DOI:10.1155/2017/4276047.
Rubin DB. Multiple imputation after 18+ years. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1996; 91(434):473-89. DOI:10.2307/2291635.
Del Brutto OH, Mera RM, Del Brutto VJ, Maestre GE, Gardener H, Zambrano M, et al. Influence of depression, anxiety and stress on cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults living in rural Ecuador: results of the Atahualpa Project. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15(4):508-14. DOI:10.1111/ggi.12305.
Luppa M, Sikorski C, Luck T, Ehreke L, Konnopka A, Wiese B, et al. Age- and gender-specific prevalence of depression in latest-life--systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2012; 136(3):212-21. DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.033.
Murata C, Kondo K, Hirai H, Ichida Y, Ojima T. Association between depression and socio-economic status among community-dwelling elderly in Japan: the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study (AGES). Health Place 2008; 14(3):406-14. DOI:10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.08.007.
Garcia-Subirats I, Vargas I, Mogollón-Pérez AS, De Paepe P, da Silva MRF, Unger JP, et al. Inequities in access to health care in different health systems: a study in municipalities of central Colombia and north-eastern Brazil. Int J Equity Health 2014; 13:10. DOI:10.1186/1475-9276-13-10.
Wallace SP, Gutierrez VF. Equity of access to health care for older adults in four major Latin American cities. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2005 [Internet]; 17(5-6):394-409. Available from: https://bityl.co/7Mmd. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1020-49892005000500012
Faravelli C, Alessandra Scarpato M, Castellini G, Lo Sauro C. Gender differences in depression and anxiety: the role of age. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210(3):1301-3. DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.027.
Gomes Cdos S, Maciel AC, Freire Ado N, Moreira Mde A, Ribeiro Mde O, Guerra RO. Depressive symptoms and functional decline in an elderly sample of urban center in Northeastern Brazil. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 58(2):214-8. DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2013.10.009.
Segura-Cardona A, Cardona-Arango D, Segura-Cardona A, Garzón-Duque M. Riesgo de depresión y factores asociados en adultos mayores. Antioquia, Colombia. 2012. Rev Salud Publica 2015; 17(2):184-194. DOI:10.15446/rsap.v17n2.41295.
Muller CP, Kalinichenko LS, Tiesel J, Witt M, Stockl T, Sprenger E, et al. Paradoxical antidepressant effects of alcohol are related to acid sphingomyelinase and its control of sphingolipid homeostasis. Acta neuropathologica 2017 ;133(3):463-83. DOI:1007/s00401-016-1658-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-016-1658-6
Alshamsan R, Lee JT, Rana S, Areabi H, Millett C. Comparative health system performance in six middle-income countries: cross-sectional analysis using World Health Organization study of global ageing and health. J R Soc Med 2017; 110(9):365-75. DOI:10.1177/0141076817724599.
Globally Minded. Depression in Ecuador [internet]. 2017 [cited 2020 Jan 16]. Available from: https://bityl.co/7Mmk.
Isella V, Villa ML, Appollonio IM. Screening and Quantification of Depression in Mild-to-Moderate Dementia Through the GDS Short Forms. Clinical Gerontologist 2002;24(3-4):115-25. DOI:10.1300/J018v24n03_10.
Chattat R, Ellena L, Cucinotta D, Savorani G, Mucciarelli G. A study on the validity of different short versions of the geriatric depression scale. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. Suppl 2001; 7:81-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4943(01)00124-8
Almeida OP, Almeida SA. Short versions of the geriatric depression scale: a study of their validity for the diagnosis of a major depressive episode according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1999;14(10):858-65. DOI:10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199910)14:10<858::aid-gps35>3.0.co;2-8.
Cómo citar
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Descargar cita
CrossRef Cited-by
1. Julio P. Salazar Buenaño, Fabián A. Zurita Alvarado, Ines Weyand, Tamara Rosero Montezuma, Boris Tapia, Cecilia Solis Olive, Karen Rosero, Pablo Bermudez, Federico Gobbi, Emmanuel Bottieau, Ralph Huits. (2024). Impact of dengue fever on depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador: a prospective cohort study. Tropical Medicine and Health, 52(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-024-00625-0.
Dimensions
PlumX
Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo
Descargas
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 Revista de Salud Pública
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Esta revista provee acceso libre inmediato a su contenido bajo el principio de que hacer disponible gratuitamente investigación al publico apoya a un mayor intercambio de conocimiento global.
Todos los contenidos de esta revista, excepto dónde está identificado, están publicados bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
