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Consumo de alcohol en mujeres embarazadas y lactantes: factores de riesgo y protección asociados
Alcohol use in pregnant and breastfeeding women: associated risk and protective factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v24n2.94850Palabras clave:
Consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, mujeres embarazadas, lactancia materna, factores de riesgo, factores protectores (es)Alcohol drinking, pregnant women, breast feeding, risk factors, protective factors (en)
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Objetivo Examinar la ocurrencia del consumo de alcohol en mujeres embarazadas o en periodo de lactancia de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) y los factores de riesgo/protección que explican ese consumo.
Metodología Participaron 475 mujeres (202 embarazadas y 273 lactantes) entre 18-47 años que completaron una encuesta en línea, que indagó sobre su consumo de alcohol y una serie de factores de riesgo y protección para el consumo de alcohol.
Resultados El 93,1% y 68,1% de las mujeres embarazadas y lactantes indicaron que no consumían alcohol en su condición. Se observó un perfil más riesgoso en mujeres lactantes. En embarazadas, solo la percepción de riesgo permitió explicar su consumo. En lactantes, la percepción de riesgo, el consumo de convivientes, la indicación de no beber en su condición por parte de familiares/amistades y la aprobación del consumo de alcohol en otras mujeres lactantes permitieron explicar su consumo.
Discusión Estos resultados ponen en evidencia la necesidad de brindar información clara y precisa sobre los riesgos asociados al consumo de alcohol durante el embarazo y, especialmente, la lactancia y la necesidad de incorporar cuatro actores sociales en las campañas preventivas: los profesionales de la salud, los/las convivientes, la familia y las amistades de la mujer gestante/lactante.
Objective This work examined alcohol use and risk and protective factors related among pregnant and breastfeeding women from Córdoba (Argentina).
Methodology In total, 475 women (202 pregnant and 273 breastfeeding) between 18-47 years old participated. Participants completed an online survey that measured alcohol use and the occurrence of different risk and protective factors for alcohol use.
Results The 93,1% of pregnant and 68,1% of breastfeeding women reported no alcohol use. A riskier profile was observed in breastfeeding women. Among pregnant women, only risk perception explained their alcohol use. Among breastfeeding women, risk perception, alcohol use of the persons they live with, the recommendation of not drinking in their condition by relatives or friends and alcohol use approval in other breastfeeding women explained their alcohol use.
Discussion Our results highlight the need to provide clear and precise information about the risks associated with alcohol use during pregnancy and, specially, breastfeeding and the need to incorporate four social actors in prevention campaigns: health professionals and cohabitants, family and friends of the pregnant or breastfeeding woman.
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