Perfil microbiológico de aislamientos en unidades neonatales en un hospital de tercer nivel de Bogotá, Colombia
Microbiological profiling of isolates from the neonatal unit of a third-level hospital in Bogotá, Colombia
Palabras clave:
Stafilococcus epidermidis, infecciones estafilocócicas, recién nacido, infección hospitalaria, tests de sensibilidad microbiana (es)Staphylococcus epidermidis, infection, staphylococci, infant, newborn, cross-infection, microbial sensitivity test (en)
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OBJETIVOS: Investigar la prevalencia y sensibilidad de gérmenes aislados en recién nacidos hospitalizados en un hospital de referencia de Bogotá. Proponer un esquema antibiótico inicial en infecciones neonatales.
MÉTODOS: Se analizaron los cultivos para aerobios y aerobios facultativos practicados entre febrero y diciembre del 2002. Los hemocultivos se procesaron en BacT/ALERT (Dirham, NC); los urocultivos en UROCULT (Bio-Bacter) y las puntas de catéter en Tioglicolato. La identificación se hizo con BBL CRYSTAL (BD, Sparks, MD). La sensibilidad se determinó por difusión de disco.
RESULTADOS: Fueron positivos 1 097 de 3 710 cultivos; se aislaron 64,3 % Gram-positivos, 30,6% Gram-negativos y 4,9% Candidas. Los Gram-positivos aislados fueron: estafilococos coagulasa negativa (64,2%); Enterococcus (13,8 %) y estafilococos coagulasa positiva (13,3%). Los Gram-negativos mas frecuentes fueron Klebsielas (45,2%); Escherichia coli (30,9%) y Serratias (10,1 %). El 64% de los estafilococos coagulasa negativos fueron Stafilococcus epidermidis. La sensibilidad del S. epidermidis y los estafilococos coagulasa positivos a la vancomicina fue del 100%. Hubo 86,4% (IC95%: 82,389,9) de resistencia de los estafilococos coagulasa negativos a los beta-lactámicos. La sensibilidad de los Gram-negativos fue del 98,1% (IC95%: 89,9-99,9) a imipenem, 78,1% (IC95%: 64,9-88,2) a gentamicina y 46,6% (IC95%: 28,3-65,7) a amikacina.
CONCLUSIONES: Se encontró una alta prevalencia de estafilococos coagulasa negativos particularmente de S. epidermidis. No se observó resistencia de S. epidermidis ni estafilococos coagulasa positivos a vancomicina. Se observa resistencia creciente de los estafilcocos coagulasa negativos a oxacilina y de los Gram-negativos a amikacina
OBJECTIVES: Investigating the prevalence and sensitivity of germs isolated from newborn in a referral hospital in Bogotá. Suggesting an empirical antibiotic treatment for neonatal infection.
METHODS: Cultures taken between February and December 2002 were analysed. Blood cultures were processed using BacT/ALERT (Durham, NC), urine cultures by UROCULT (Bio-Bacter) and catheter tips in thioglycollate. BBL CRYSTAL identification system (BD, Sparks, MD) was used for identifying germs. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by disk diffusion.
RESULTS: There were 1,097 positive aerobic and facultative aerobic germ cultures; 64,3% were Gram-positive, 30,6% Gram-negative and 4,9% were yeasts. Gram-positive germs consisted of coagulase-negative staphylococci (64,2%), enterococcus (13,8%) and coagulase-positive staphylococci (13,3%). The most frequent Gram-negatives were Klebsiella (45,2%), Eschericha coli (30,9%) and Serratia (10,1%). Staphylococcus epidermidis accounted for 64% of the coagulase-negative staphylococci. S. epidermidis susceptibility to vancomycin was 100%. Coagulase-negative staphylococci susceptibility to rifampin and amikacin was 59% and 67,4% (respectively). Coagulase-negative staphylococci resistance to beta-lactams was 86,4% (95% CI: 82,389,9). Coagulase-positive staphylococci sensitivity to vancomycin was 100%. Gram-negative susceptibility to imipenem was 98,1% (95% CI: 89,9-99,9), 78,1% to gentamicin (95% CI: 64,9-88,2) and 46,6% to amikacin (95% CI: 28,3-65,7).
CONCLUSIONS: There was high coagulase-negative staphylococci prevalence in neonatal infection (particularly S. epidermidis). All S. epidermidis and coagulase-positive staphylococci were sensitive to vancomycin. There was increasing coagulase-negative staphylococci and Gram-negative resistance to oxacillin and amikacin, respectively.
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