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Prevalencia de dependencia de nicotina en algunas poblaciones: una revisión sistemática
The prevalence of nicotine-dependency in some populations: a systematic review
Palabras clave:
Tabaquismo, transtornos por uso del tabaco, adulto, revisión (es)Smoking, tobacco use desorder, prevalence, adult review (en)
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En el mundo, el consumo de tabaco es la principal causa de morbi mortalidad prevenible. En la mayoría de los fumadores, la dependencia de nicotina (DN) explica que se siga en el consumo a pesar de los efectos nocivos sobre la salud. El objetivo de esta revisión fue establecer la prevalencia actual y anual de DN en personas fumadoras de algunas poblaciones. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos Ebsco, Embase, Lilacs, Ovid, Proquest y PubMed. Se incluyeron como palabras de búsqueda smoking, tobacco, cigarette, nicotine, dependence, adults, general population y cross-sectional study. Se revisaron sólo estudios en español, inglés y portugués. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de seis artículos que reunieron los criterios de inclusión. La prevalencia actual de DN estuvo entre 27,8 y 55 % (promedio ponderado 44,7 %) y la prevalencia anual entre 26 y 46,9 % (promedio ponderado 37,7 %). La DN fue independiente del sexo y mayor en quienes fumaban un mayor número diario de cigarrillos. Se concluye que la DN se presenta en aproximada mente 45 % de los fumadores regulares actuales y en el 38 % de los fumadores durante el último año. Se necesita más investigación.
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable morbidity-mortality around the world. Nicotine dependence (ND) explains why people continue to smoke even though the harmful outcome associated with tobacco use is well-known. The object of this review was to establish current and one-year prevalence of ND among adults from the general population. Ebsco, Embase, Lilacs, Ovid, Proquest, and PubMed were systematically reviewed. The key words used were: smoking, tobacco, cigarette, nicotine, dependence, adults, general population and cross-sectional study. Only research carried out in English, Portuguese and Spanish was reviewed. A descriptive analysis of six articles was made. Current ND prevalence ranged from 27,8 % to 55 % (44,7 % weighted average) and annual prevalence from 26 % to 46,9 % (37,7 % weighted average). ND was independent of gender and higher amongst heavy smokers. It was concluded that ND prevalence is close to 45 % amongst current regular smokers and affected 38 % of smokers during the last year. More research is needed.
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