Carga de mortalidad asociada a la inactividad física en Bogotá
Burden of mortality associated to physical inactivity in Bogota, Colombia
Palabras clave:
Mortalidad, actividad física, adulto, riesgo (es)Mortality, motor activity, adult, risk (en)
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La carga de mortalidad asociada a la inactividad física (IF) no ha sido estimada para los grandes centros urbanos de países en desarrollo.
Objetivo. Calcular la carga de mortalidad por seis enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) asociadas a la IF y estimar el número de muertes potencialmente prevenibles si se reduce la prevalencia de IF en la ciudad.
Métodos. La prevalencia de IF obtenida mediante encuestas poblacionales representativas se combinó con datos sobre la mortalidad en adultos mayores de 45 años durante el año 2002. La mortalidad por ECNT atribuible a la IF y la mortalidad prevenible asociada a reducciones del 30 % en la prevalencia de IF se estimaron mediante cálculos del riesgo atribuible poblacional (RAP).
Resultados. Una prevalencia de exposición a la IF del 53,2 % se asoció con un RAP de 19,3 % para enfermedad coronaria, 24,2 % para accidentes cerebro vasculares, 13,8 % para hipertensión, 21 % para Diabetes Mellitus, 17,9 % para cáncer de colon y 14,2 % para cáncer de seno. Un 7,6 % de la mortalidad total y un 20,1 % de la mortalidad por ECNT pueden ser atribuibles a la IF. Un 5 % de la mortalidad por ECNT podría evitarse si la prevalencia de IF se reduce en un 30 %.
Conclusiones. Una proporción considerable de la mortalidad ocasionada por las ECNT más frecuentes puede atribuirse a los efectos de la IF. Estrategias para la disminución de la IF pueden conllevar a reducciones progresivas de la carga de mortalidad por ECNT en la ciudad.
Estimates of the burden of mortality associated to physical inactivity (PI) have not been quantified for large urban centers located in developing countries.
Objectives. To estimate the burden of mortality due to six chronic diseases (CDZ) associated to PI and the number of potentially preventable deaths associated to reductions in the prevalence of PI.
Methods. PI exposure prevalence obtained via population surveys was linked to mortality data registered during 2002 among adult (> 45 y) Bogotá residents. The strength of association between PI and disease-specific mortality was obtained from the literature. Population attributable risk (PAR) was used to calculate the CDZ mortality attributable to PI and to estimate the number of potentially preventable deaths associated to a 30 % reduction in the prevalence of PI.
Results. A 53,2 % PI exposure prevalence was associated to a PAR of 19,3 % for coronary artery disease, 24,2 % for stroke, 13,8 % for arterial hypertension, 21 % for Diabetes Mellitus, 17,9 % for colon cancer and 14,2 % for breast cancer. An estimated 7,6 % of all-cause mortality and 20,1 % of CDZ mortality could be attributed to PI. An estimated 5% of the CDZ mortality could be prevented if PI prevalence is reduced by 30 %.
Conclusion. Conservative estimates indicate that a considerable proportion of deaths due to highly prevalent CDZ could be attributed to PI. Strategies to reduce the prevalence of PI in Bogotá could lead to progressive reductions in the burden of CDZ mortality.
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