Humo de tabaco ambiental y neumonías en niños de Monterrey, México
Environmental tobacco smoke and pneumonia in children living in Monterrey, México
Palabras clave:
Infecciones del tracto respiratorio, neumonías, niños, humo de tabaco, contaminación del aire por humo de tabaco (es)Respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, children, environmental tobacco smoke, air pollution (en)
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Objetivo. Las enfermedades respiratorias agudas ocupan en el mundo los primeros 5 lugares en morbilidad y mortalidad infantil, anualmente mueren más de dos millones de niños por esa causa. El humo del tabaco ambiental (HTA) contiene compuestos irritantes y tóxicos nocivos para la salud, que incrementan el riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad en lactantes, niños y adultos no fumadores. Nuestro principal objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre HTA y la presencia de neumonías en niños.
Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles no pareados. Se calcularon las razones de momios (RM) e intervalo de confianza 95 % (IC) para cada variable.
Resultados. Se analizaron 285 pacientes, 142 casos y 143 controles, 47,4 % femeninos, la edad promedio fue 4,5+2,7 años. La RM para expuestos al HTA fue 3,44, IC 2,1- 5,6.
Discusión. La exposición a HTA incrementa más de tres veces el riesgo de padecer neumonías en niños.
Objective. Acute respiratory diseases occupy the first 5 places in infantile morbidity and mortality around the world, two million children directly dying from such cause annually. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) contains toxic and irritating compounds having an injurious effect on health, producing increased risk of morbidity and mortality in non-smoking adults and children. Our main objective was determining the association between ETS and pneumonia in children.
Material and methods. This was an unmatched case and controls hospital-based study. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.
Results. A total of 285 patients (142 cases and 143 controls) were studied; 47,4 % of the patients were female and average age was 4,5,+2,7. OR for patients being exposed to ETS developing pneumonia was 3,44 (CI: 2,11-5,6).
Discussion. Children being exposed to ETS increases the risk of developing pneumonia by more than threefold.
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