Publicado

2008-01-01

A preliminary statistical study of whether pesticide use could be related to birth defects in a rural area of Venezuela

Estudio estadístico preliminar sobre uso de plaguicidas y defectos de nacimiento en un área rural de Venezuela

Palabras clave:

Congenital malformation, pesticide, exposure, Venezuela (en)
Anomalías, exposición a plaguicidas, Venezuela (es)

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Autores/as

  • Maritza Rojas MRM-CONSULTOX. Valencia, Venezuela.
  • Olga Agreda Centre for Toxicological Investigations (CITUC), University of Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela.
  • Saba Infante School of Science and Technology (FACYT), University of Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela.

Objectives. This study was carried out in response to health authorities' concerns regarding what they considered to be a "high proportion" of birth defects (BD) in a rural Venezuelan state as the preliminary step towards subsequent health assessment regarding exposure to pesticides and possible association with registered BD.
Methods. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Generalised linear modelling (GLM) was used for relating BD with county of origin and the date of the events. Pesticide-use reports were used for assessing exposure to pesticides. Infants' medical records for 1999-2002 were obtained from the state hospital. The study group consisted of 108 BD cases from 8 municipalities.
Results. The cardiovascular system had the highest frequency (20,4 %) of BD, followed by the gastro-intestinal (18,5 %) and urogenital systems (10,2 %). Anilides were the most frequently used group of liquid pesticides (39,8 %), followed by phosphono-methyl-glycine (19,6 %). The most commonly used solid pesticides were organophosphates (54,4 %). GLM revealed some significant results; the number of BD increased exponentially throughout the years being studied.
Conclusions. A causal association between BD and potential pesticide exposure could not be demonstrated due to data limitations. A more in-depth exposure assessment and epidemiological studies are still needed for characterising the risk of exposure to pesticides in terms of birth outcomes in the area being studied.

Objetivos. En respuesta a la preocupación de autoridades de salud en lo que consideraban un "alto índice de BD" en un Estado rural en Venezuela, se condujo un estudio preliminar para una evaluación posterior relacionada con los BD registrados y su posible asociación con exposición a plaguicidas.
Métodos. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se usó un modelo linear generalizado (GLM) para asociar BD con municipio de origen y fecha del evento. Para evaluar la exposición a plaguicidas, se usaron los registros de ventas. Se obtuvieron los registros médicos del Hospital estadal (1999-2002). El Grupo estudiado estuvo conformado por 108 casos de 8 municipios.
Resultados. El sistema cardio-vascular resultó con la frecuencia más alta de BD (20,4 %), seguido por el gastro-intestinal (18,5 %) y el urogenital (10,2 %). El grupo más utilizado de plaguicidas líquidos fue el de las anilidas (39,8 %) seguido por fosfono-metil-glicina (19,6 %). Los sólidos mas empleados fueron los organofosforados (54,4 %). El GLM mostró algunos resultados significantes observándose que el número de BD aumentó exponencialmente a través de los años en estudio.
Conclusiones. Debido a las limitaciones de los datos, no se pudo demostrar una asociación entre BD y exposición potencial a plaguicidas. Se requiere un estudio de exposición y epidemiológico más profundo para caracterizar riesgo de exposición a plaguicidas en términos de producción de malformaciones congénitas en el área.

Referencias

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Cómo citar

APA

Rojas, M., Agreda, O. y Infante, S. (2008). A preliminary statistical study of whether pesticide use could be related to birth defects in a rural area of Venezuela. Revista de Salud Pública, 10(1), 85–93. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revsaludpublica/article/view/96584

ACM

[1]
Rojas, M., Agreda, O. y Infante, S. 2008. A preliminary statistical study of whether pesticide use could be related to birth defects in a rural area of Venezuela. Revista de Salud Pública. 10, 1 (ene. 2008), 85–93.

ACS

(1)
Rojas, M.; Agreda, O.; Infante, S. A preliminary statistical study of whether pesticide use could be related to birth defects in a rural area of Venezuela. Rev. salud pública 2008, 10, 85-93.

ABNT

ROJAS, M.; AGREDA, O.; INFANTE, S. A preliminary statistical study of whether pesticide use could be related to birth defects in a rural area of Venezuela. Revista de Salud Pública, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 1, p. 85–93, 2008. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revsaludpublica/article/view/96584. Acesso em: 25 abr. 2025.

Chicago

Rojas, Maritza, Olga Agreda, y Saba Infante. 2008. «A preliminary statistical study of whether pesticide use could be related to birth defects in a rural area of Venezuela». Revista De Salud Pública 10 (1):85-93. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revsaludpublica/article/view/96584.

Harvard

Rojas, M., Agreda, O. y Infante, S. (2008) «A preliminary statistical study of whether pesticide use could be related to birth defects in a rural area of Venezuela», Revista de Salud Pública, 10(1), pp. 85–93. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revsaludpublica/article/view/96584 (Accedido: 25 abril 2025).

IEEE

[1]
M. Rojas, O. Agreda, y S. Infante, «A preliminary statistical study of whether pesticide use could be related to birth defects in a rural area of Venezuela», Rev. salud pública, vol. 10, n.º 1, pp. 85–93, ene. 2008.

MLA

Rojas, M., O. Agreda, y S. Infante. «A preliminary statistical study of whether pesticide use could be related to birth defects in a rural area of Venezuela». Revista de Salud Pública, vol. 10, n.º 1, enero de 2008, pp. 85-93, https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revsaludpublica/article/view/96584.

Turabian

Rojas, Maritza, Olga Agreda, y Saba Infante. «A preliminary statistical study of whether pesticide use could be related to birth defects in a rural area of Venezuela». Revista de Salud Pública 10, no. 1 (enero 1, 2008): 85–93. Accedido abril 25, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revsaludpublica/article/view/96584.

Vancouver

1.
Rojas M, Agreda O, Infante S. A preliminary statistical study of whether pesticide use could be related to birth defects in a rural area of Venezuela. Rev. salud pública [Internet]. 1 de enero de 2008 [citado 25 de abril de 2025];10(1):85-93. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revsaludpublica/article/view/96584

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